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World J Gastrointest Endosc. Sep 16, 2022; 14(9): 512-523
Published online Sep 16, 2022. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v14.i9.512
Simulation-based mastery learning in gastrointestinal endoscopy training
Hasan Maulahela, Nagita Gianty Annisa, Tiffany Konstantin, Ari Fahrial Syam, Roy Soetikno
Hasan Maulahela, Ari Fahrial Syam, Roy Soetikno, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo General Central National Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
Nagita Gianty Annisa, Tiffany Konstantin, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
Author contributions: Maulahela H conceived the study, and wrote and edited the manuscript; Annisa NG performed the data analysis and drafted the manuscript; Konstantin T edited and finalized the manuscript for submission; Syam AF and Soetikno R reviewed and approved the submitted manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declares that they have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hasan Maulahela, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo General Central National Hospital, Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro No. 71 RW.5, Kenari, Kec. Senen, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. hasan.maulahela@yahoo.com
Received: June 4, 2022
Peer-review started: June 4, 2022
First decision: June 18, 2022
Revised: July 3, 2022
Accepted: August 16, 2022
Article in press: August 16, 2022
Published online: September 16, 2022
Abstract

Simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) is an emerging form of competency-based training that has been proposed as the next standard method for procedural task training, including that in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Current basic gastrointestinal endoscopy training relies on the number of procedures performed, and it has been criticized for its lack of objective standards that result in variable skills among trainees and its association with patient safety risk. Thus, incorporating simulators into a competency-based curriculum seems ideal for gastrointestinal endoscopy training. The curriculum for SBML in gastrointestinal endoscopy is currently being developed and has promising potential to translate into the clinical performance. Unlike the present apprenticeship model of “see one, do one, teach one,” SBML integrates a competency-based curriculum with specific learning objectives alongside simulation-based training. This allows trainees to practice essential skills repeatedly, receive feedback from experts, and gradually develop their abilities to achieve mastery. Moreover, trainees and trainers need to understand the learning targets of the program so that trainees can focus their learning on the necessary skills and trainers can provide structured feedback based on the expected outcomes. In addition to learning targets, an assessment plan is essential to provide trainees with future directions for their improvement and ensure patient safety by issuing a passing standard. Finally, the SBML program should be planned and managed by a specific team and conducted within a developed and tested curriculum. This review discusses the current state of gastrointestinal endoscopy training and the role of SBML in that field.

Keywords: Simulation training, Education, Endoscopy, Mastery learning, Competency-based education, Curriculum

Core Tip: The traditional apprenticeship model for gastrointestinal training has been widely criticized for its lack of standards and patient safety risks. Thus, the basic gastrointestinal endoscopy training method needs to be revised from the apprenticeship model to a simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) model, which relies on specific learning objectives with the integration of simulators. SBML is a competency-based training method aimed at creating highly competent trainees and reducing differences in skills among them. The present review discusses the current state of gastrointestinal endoscopy training, the role of SBML in that field, and recent experiences and future prospects of SBML.