Published online Jun 16, 2019. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v11.i6.403
Peer-review started: March 3, 2019
First decision: March 20, 2019
Revised: May 16, 2019
Accepted: May 23, 2019
Article in press: May 23, 2019
Published online: June 16, 2019
Endoscopic management of symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) using self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) placement has emerged as an innovative therapeutic approach with excellent efficacy, safety, and relatively few adverse outcomes. However, their use has not been studied in patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhotics tend to be considered less than optimal candidates due to concern for portal hypertension and coagulopathy related complications.
To compare the efficacy and safety of using SEMS for drainage of symptomatic PFCs in cirrhotic vs non-cirrhotic patients.
We conducted a retrospective comparative analysis of patients with symptomatic PFCs [pancreatic pseudocyst (PP) or walled-off necrosis (WON)] who underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided placement of fully covered self-expandable metals stents or lumen-apposing self-expandable metal stents. All patients were followed clinically until resolution of PFCs or death. Definition: (1) Technical success was defined as successful placement of SEMS; and (2) Clinical success was defined as complete resolution of the PFCs without additional interventions including interventional radiology or surgery. Number of procedures performed per patient, number of patients who achieved complete resolution of the PFCs without additional interventions and procedure related adverse events were recorded.
From January 2012 to December 2017, a total of 88 patients underwent EUS-guided drainage of symptomatic PFCs. Of these, 58 non cirrhotic patients underwent plastic stent insertion for management of PFC and 30 patients, 5 with cirrhosis and 25 without cirrhosis, underwent EUS-guided transmural drainage with SEMS, including 18 (60%) PP and 12 (40%) WON. Technical success was achieved in all 30 patients. Clinical success was achieved in 60% cirrhotic patients and 92% non-cirrhotics (P = 0.12). Procedure-related adverse events were 60% in cirrhotic and 28% non-cirrhotic (P = 0.62). Moreover, fatal adverse events were statistically more common in cirrhotics compared with non-cirrhotics (0 vs 40%; P = 0.023). Successful stent removal following resolution of the PFC, was 60% in cirrhotics and 80% in non-cirrhotics (P = 0.57). Post-procedure length of hospitalization was 18.6 ± 20.3 d in cirrhotics and 5.6 ± 13.7 d in non-cirrhotics (P = 0.084).
EUS-guided management of PFC using SEMS placement has a high technical and clinical success rate in non-cirrhotics. However, in cirrhotics caution must be exercised given the high morbidity and mortality as evidenced by our cohort, particularly for the endoscopic debridement of WONs. Larger, multicenter studies are warranted to further characterize the risk profile and outcomes in these patients.
Core tip: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided management of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) using self-expandable metal stents has a high technical and clinical success rate. However, their use in cirrhotics has not yet been studied. We conducted the first comparative study to assess the safety and outcomes of endoscopic management of symptomatic PFCs in cirrhotics vs non-cirrhotics. Despite a 100% technical success rate, clinical success was achieved in only 60% of cirrhotic patients with a procedure-related adverse event rate of 60%. Moreover, fatal adverse events were statistically more common in cirrhotics compared with non-cirrhotics (0% vs 40%; P = 0.023). Thus, given the high morbidity and mortality as evidenced by our cohort, caution must be exercised in this group. Larger, multicenter studies are warranted to further characterize the risk profile and outcomes in these patients.