Phase angle obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis independently predicts mortality in patients with cirrhosis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and body composition of patients with cirrhosis

Variable	PA > 4.9º (n = 73)	PA ≤ 4.9º (n = 61)	Total (n = 134)	P valuea
Age (yr)	52.10 ± 9.80	56.90 ± 9.80	54.30 ± 10.10	0.0051
Weight (kg)	76.60 ± 13.10	76.40 ± 15.30	76.50 ± 14.10	0.9191
Height (m)	1.70 ± 0.10	1.70 ± 0.10	1.70 ± 0.10	0.5361
Child Pugh A (%)	25	10	18
Child Pugh B (%)	45	65	55
Child Pugh C (%)	30	25	27	0.0313
Model for end-stage liver disease score	13.41 ± 5.11	14.95 ± 4.65	14.11 ± 4.95	0.0733
Severe ascites (%)	10.00	29.00	18.20	0.0163
Encephalopathy (%)	40.00	60.00	50.00	0.0443
Body mass index (kg/m2)	26.70 ± 4.10	26.40 ± 5.00	26.60 ± 4.50	0.6831
Mid-arm muscle circumference (cm)	25.80 ± 3.20	23.20 ± 3.10	24.70 ± 3.40	< 0.0011
Handgrip strength (kg)	31.80 ± 7.00	24.40 ± 8.90	28.60 ± 8.70	< 0.0011
IL-6/IL-10 ratio (pg/mL)	1.10 (0.51; 2.35)	1.29 (0.71; 4.68)	1.17 (0.58; 2.68)	0.0862
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)	0.88 (0.42; 1.96)	1.20 (0.60; 4.72)	1.09 (0.54; 2.62)	0.0302
Albumin (g/dL)	3.90 (3.40; 4.30)	3.50 (2.90; 3.80)	3.60 (3.20; 4.20)	0.0022

^aPA > 4.9ºvs PA ≤ 4.9º;

¹Student’s t test;

²Mann-Whitney test;

³χ² test. Data are presented as mean ± SD (confidence interval), or percentage. PA: Phase angle; IL: Interleukin.

Table 2 Mortality estimates for patients with cirrhosis from a multiple Cox regression model

Variable	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age (yr)	1.03 (1.00, 1.06)	0.042
MELD score	1.10 (1.05, 1.16)	0.001
Phase angle 50 kHz (< 4.9º)	2.05 (1.11, 3.77)	0.021

P values for independent Cox regression models refer to three models explained by age, MELD score, and phase angle. HR: Hazard ratio; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease.