Topic Highlight
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Hepatol. Apr 28, 2016; 8(12): 533-544
Published online Apr 28, 2016. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i12.533
Table 1 Summary of study characteristics and reported incidence of de novo malignancy post liver transplantation in large series
Ref.Year publishedCountry of study centerStudy periodNo. of liver transplant recipients4Duration of follow-up (yr)4Age at transplant in patients with de novo malignancy (yr)Proportion of males with de novo malignancy4Interval to de novo malignancy (yr)Overall incidence of de novo malignancy (number of patients)5/10/15 and 20 yr incidence of de novo malignancyEstimated overall risk relative to control population
Jonas et al[28]1997Germany1988-19944584.246 ± 1448%3.67.2% (33)14.6%/-/-/--
Jain et al[3]1998United States1996-200610006.5 ± 1Approximately 5677%35.7% (57)-SIR calculated for specific cancer types
Kelly et al[25]1998United Kingdom1988-1996888-Approximately 5246%2 ± 1.524.4% (29)--
Galve et al[116]1999Spain1984-19971827---2.5 ± 1.83.8% (70)--
Haagsma et al[8]2001The Netherlands1979-19961745.1Approximately 4929%5.912% (21)6%/20%/55%/-RR = 4.3 (95%CI: 2.4-7.1)
Sanchez et al[5]2002United States1985-199914215.5 ± 3.750 ± 1255%-8.8% (125)--
Saigal et al[4]2003United Kingdom1988-19991140-51.570%3.8 ± 2.82.6% (30)--
Benlloch et al[36]2004Spain1991-20017724.35059%3.55.3% (41)1--
Oo et al[45]2005United Kingdom1982-200417786.5-43%-7.9% (141)-SIR = 2.1 (95%CI: 1.7-2.2)
Herrero et al[7]2005Spain1990-20011875.5---26% (49)25%/39%/-/-RR = 2.9 (95%CI: 1.6-5.0)
Yao et al[40]2006United States1988-200010436.753.252%-4.8% (50)--
Aberg et al[9]2008Finland1982-20055406.3-53%5.16.7% (36)35%/13%/-/16%3SIR = 2.6 (95%CI: 1.8-3.5)
Jiang et al[10]2008Canada1983-19982034--53%3.5 ± 2.85.5% (113)12%/8.6%/-/-1SIR = 2.5 (95%CI: 2.1-3.0)
Watt et al[12]2009United States1990-199479810-60%1-21.4% (171)12%/22%/-/--
Finkenstedt et al[18]2009Austria1982-20077794.1--4.412.3% (96)10%/24%/32%/42%1SIR = 1.9 (95%CI: 1.5-2.4)
Baccarani et al[17]2010Italy1991-20054176.7-74%4.210.3% (43)1-1SIR = 2.6 (95%CI: 1.9-3.6)
Tjon et al[27]2010Denmark198-2007855---3% (50)10%/19%/34%/-SIR = 2.2 (95%CI: 1.6-2.8)
Park et al[67]2012South Korea1998-200819523.5 ± 2.85679%3.4 ± 2.42.3% (44)1-1RR = 7.7 for men and 7.3 for women
Chatrath et al[2]2013United States1997-20045345.7 ± 3.253 ± 1267%4 ± 2.213.7% (73)12%/25%/-/-1SIR = 3.1 (95%CI: 2.9-3.2)
Wimmer et al[24]2013Germany1985-20076095.253 ± 1073%5.711.5% (70)10%/26%/35%/--
Ettorre et al[11]2014Italy1990-200816755.2--3.25.9% (98)1-1SIR = 1.4 (95%CI: 1.2-1.7)
Yu et al[69]2014China2005-20115693.5 ± 2.2-76%-3.2% (17)--
Antinucci et al[117]2015Argentina2006-2014168-67 ± 775%1.37.5% (12)--
Sanaei et al[68]2015Iran1992-20121700-34 ± 1063%5.52.2% (38)--
Overall means9405.55261%3.88.10%11%/22%/39%/29%3.0
Table 2 A listing on known oncogenic viruses and the malignancies associated with them
Oncogenic virusAssociated malignancy
EBVPTLD
Human papilloma virusCervical, skin, oropharynx, anal
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1Adult T cell leukemia
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirusKS, primary effusion lymphoma, castleman's disease
HBVHCC
HCVHCC, PTLD1
Table 3 A summary of ranges of reported overall incidence rates and standardized incidence ratios of a number of cancer types following liver transplantation[2-5,7-12,14-16,28,36,47,66,110,118-120]
Incidence (%)SIR
Skin cancers
Represent 24%-54% of all cancers, average 37%
Overall (non-melanoma)0.9-11.62.1-70, average 24
Squamous cell cancer0.6-15.3Not reported
Basal cell cancer0.6-10.6Not reported
KS0.2-1.4128-144
Melanoma0.2-3.94.4
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders
Represent 4%-57% of all cancers, average 25%
Overall0.5-2.93.9-21, average 12
Hodgkin’s lymphoma0.001-0.48.2-8.9
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma0.8-3.73.5-37.3
Solid organ cancers
Represent 24%-75% of all cancers, average 48%
Overall1.4-7.51.4-3.1, average 2.3
Lip1.814-24.8
Oropharyngeal1.7-1.97-10
Lung0.6-2.41.4-2.0
Stomach0.2-0.70.5-3.7
Colorectal0.5-1.11.4-4.9
Breast (in females)0.2-0.60.6-1.61
Cervix (in females)0.7-1.41.3-5.7
Prostate (in males)0.2-1.80.6-1.61