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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Hepatol. Nov 8, 2015; 7(25): 2578-2589
Published online Nov 8, 2015. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i25.2578
Table 1 Major complications of microwave ablation in literature n (%)
Liang et al[91]Bertot et al[90]Livraghi et al[92]Ding et al[89]Ding et al[89]Lahat et al[93]
Major complications2.6%4.6%2.9%3.1%2.7%4.6%
Intra-peritoneal bleeding1 (0.03)NA2 (0.3)2 (0.31)NANA
Portal vein thrombosisNANANA0.15 (1/654)NANA
Bile leakageNANANA2 (0.31)NANA
Biloma1 (3)NA1 (0.15)
Bile duct injury1 (3)1 (0.1)1 (0.15)
Obstructive jaundiceNA1 (0.1)NA
Liver disfunctionNANA3 (0.4)4 (0.61)2 (2)NA
Liver abscess4 (13)NA1 (0.1)1 (0.15)NANA
Gastrointestinal perforation2 (7)NA2 (0.3)NANANA
HaemothoraxNANA1 (0.1)1 (0.15)NANA
Intractable pleural effusionNANA3 (0.4)5 (0.76)1 (0.8)NA
Right diaphragmatic herniaNANANA2 (0.31)1 (0.8)NA
PneumothoraxNANA1 (0.1)NANANA
Tumor seeding5 (16)NA1 (0.1)NANANA