Trends of alcoholic liver cirrhosis readmissions from 2010 to 2018: Rates and healthcare burden associated with readmissions

Table 1 Demographic characteristics and hospitalization trends for 30-d readmissions of alcoholic liver cirrhosis in the United States from 2010–2018

Variable	Year
	2010	2012	2014	2016	2018
Number of readmissions	7660	8211	8753	13278	15085
Mean age (yr)	53.5 ± 0.5	53.6 ± 0.4	53.6 ± 0.4	54.0 ± 0.3	54.2 ± 0.3
Male (%)	72.5	73.1	72.2	68.3	67.4
Charlson comorbidity
Index (CCI) Score (%)
0	2.8	2.4	2.2	0.6	0.6
1	15.7	15.1	13.0	1.4	13.2
2	7.5	6.5	6.9	7.3	6.3
≥ 3	74.0	76.0	78.0	78.4	79.8
Insurance type
Medicare	27.6	28.2	29.3	30.0	30.5
Medicaid	40.5	42.0	42.1	41.6	40.6
Private	21.4	20.0	20.4	22.5	21.8
Uninsured	10.5	9.7	8.3	6.0	7.2
Household income
Quartile (%)
1	34.6	36.2	34.0	34.2	33.2
2	23.8	25.6	28.3	27.4	29.2
3	23.4	22.4	22.0	23.5	22.6
4	18.2	15.8	15.6	14.8	15.0
Hospital characteristics
Hospital bed size (%)
Small	9.3	9.0	12.4	11.6	14.3
Medium	22.3	22.7	26.4	25.9	25.9
Large	68.4	68.2	61.2	62.5	59.8
Teaching status (%)
Metropolitan non-teaching	40.4	39.1	28.0	26.1	20.5
Metropolitan teaching	52.6	53.7	66.8	69.5	75.4
Non-metropolitan	7.0	7.3	5.2	4.3	4.1
Hospital Volume (Quintiles)
Q1	2.4	2.3	2.2	1.9	1.5
Q2	6.6	5.8	6.0	5.2	5.5
Q3	12.6	12.5	12.0	10.6	11.3
Q4	21.8	22.0	20.1	20.1	20.7
Q5	56.6	57.4	59.7	62.2	61.1

Table 2 Trends of rates and outcomes for 30-d readmissions of alcoholic liver cirrhosis in the United States from 2010–2018

Outcomes	Year					P value1
	2010	2012	2014	2016	2018
All-cause readmission rate (%)	24.9	25.1	25.1	29.8	29.9	< 0.0011
ALC specific readmission rate (%)	6.3	6.2	6.2	7.7	8.4	< 0.0011
ALC readmission proportion (%)	31.4	30.9	30.7	33.5	36.3	< 0.0011
Inpatient mortality (%)	10.5	9.7	9.2	8.3	8.2	0.0081
Mean length of stay (d)	5.6	5.6	5.6	6.4	6.3	0.0011
Mean total hospital cost (USD)	13790	14206	13612	17602	17150	< 0.0011

¹Statistically significant. ALC: Alcoholic liver cirrhosis. ALC: Alcoholic liver cirrhosis.