Yi Jiang, Salil Chowdhury, Mohamad Aghaie Meybodi, Konstantinos Damiris, Samanthika Devalaraju, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, United States
Bing-Hong Xu, Liver Center and Center for Asian Health, RWJBH-Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Florham Park, NJ 07932, United States
Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, United States
Author contributions: Jiang Y and Pyrsopoulos N planned and designed the study; Chowdhury S, Xu BH, Meybodi MA, Damiris K and Devalaraju S conducted the data collection and interpretation; Jiang Y, Chowdhury S, Xu BH, Damiris K and Devalaraju S contributed to the manuscript preparation; All authors contributed to the manuscript revisions, reviewed, and approved the final submitted manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This retrospective cohort study did not directly involve any patients in the data collection process and the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database is de-identified and available for the public. Therefore, Institutional Review Board approval was not required.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest related to this publication.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author at pyrsopni@njms.rutgers.edu. Participants gave informed consent for data sharing.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement.
Corresponding author: Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos, FAASLD, AGAF, FACG, MD, PhD, Director, Professor, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 S. Orange Avenue, Medical Science Building H-536, Newark, NJ 07101, United States. pyrsopni@njms.rutgers.edu
Received: June 14, 2021 Peer-review started: June 14, 2021 First decision: July 27, 2021 Revised: August 8, 2021 Accepted: September 19, 2021 Article in press: September 19, 2021 Published online: November 27, 2021 Processing time: 162 Days and 16.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This study demonstrated that patients hospitalized with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and coexisting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) had more favorable overall outcomes but higher rates of intestinal complications when compared to those with alcoholic liver disease and viral liver disease individually, which suggests altering gut microbiota may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of both CDI and NAFLD. NAFLD-associated metabolic syndrome may contribute significantly to gut dysbiosis and increase risk for CDI and its complications. This study provides potential directions for future prospective clinical research to identify the clinical meaningfulness of interactions between the gut microbiota, gut immunity and systemic inflammation.
