Jaya LOI, Rykowski P, Bartkowiak M, Kruk E, Chodurska M, Lewandowski Z, Krasnodębski M, Grąt M. Computed tomography volumetry vs three-dimensional surface scanning for liver graft size estimation using explant liver mass. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(10): 121142 [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.121142]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Pawel Rykowski, Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, University Clinical Centre, Stefana Banacha 1a, Warsaw 02-091, Mazowieckie, Poland. pawel.rykowski@wum.edu.pl
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Transplantation
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research-article
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Jaya LOI, Rykowski P, Bartkowiak M, Kruk E, Chodurska M, Lewandowski Z, Krasnodębski M, Grąt M. Computed tomography volumetry vs three-dimensional surface scanning for liver graft size estimation using explant liver mass. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(10): 121142 [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.121142]
World J Hepatol. Oct 27, 2026; 18(10): 121142 Published online Oct 27, 2026. doi: 10.4254/wjh.121142
Computed tomography volumetry vs three-dimensional surface scanning for liver graft size estimation using explant liver mass
La Ode Irman Jaya, Pawel Rykowski, Mateusz Bartkowiak, Emilia Kruk, Maria Chodurska, Zbigniew Lewandowski, Maciej Krasnodębski, Michał Grąt
La Ode Irman Jaya, Pawel Rykowski, Mateusz Bartkowiak, Emilia Kruk, Maria Chodurska, Maciej Krasnodębski, Michał Grąt, Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, University Clinical Centre, Warsaw 02-091, Mazowieckie, Poland
Zbigniew Lewandowski, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Simulation and Medical Innovation, Warsaw 02-106, Mazowieckie, Poland
Author contributions: Jaya LOI and Rykowski P designed the study; Jaya LOI, Bartkowiak M, Kruk E, and Chodurska M collected the data; Jaya LOI and Lewandowski Z performed the statistical analysis; Krasnodębski M and Grąt M supervised the study; Jaya LOI drafted the manuscript. All authors revised the manuscript and approved the final version.
AI contribution statement: AI tools, specifically ChatGPT and Grammarly, were used during manuscript preparation solely for language polishing and grammatical correction to improve clarity and readability. The authors are non-native English speakers, and these tools were used to assess the linguistic quality of the manuscript. The manuscript, including all scientific content such as the study design, data analysis, results, and interpretation, was entirely developed by the authors, and no part of the scientific content was generated by AI. Lastly, no image or figures included in this manuscript were generated by AI.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Warsaw.
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent to the study because the analysis used anonymous clinical data that were obtained after each patient agreed to treatment by written consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: No additional data is available.
Corresponding author: Pawel Rykowski, Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, University Clinical Centre, Stefana Banacha 1a, Warsaw 02-091, Mazowieckie, Poland. pawel.rykowski@wum.edu.pl
Received: March 17, 2026 Revised: April 30, 2026 Accepted: September 10, 2026 Published online: October 27, 2026 Processing time: 217 Days and 8 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Accurate estimation of graft size is essential in liver transplantation to ensure adequate functional liver mass. Computed tomography (CT) volumetry is widely used for this purpose; however, alternative imaging approaches, such as three-dimensional (3D) surface scanning, may provide complementary advantages.
AIM
To compare CT volumetry and 3D surface scanning for liver graft size estimation, using explant liver mass as the reference standard.
METHODS
A total of 19 liver explants were analyzed. CT volumetry and 3D surface-derived volumetry were quantitatively compared with the explant liver mass. Correlation analysis, regression-based calibration, absolute error, and reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)] were assessed.
RESULTS
Both methods showed strong correlation with explant liver mass (r = 0.94 for 3D surface volumetry and r = 0.938 for CT volumetry, both P < 0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated proportional calibration for both methods, with slopes of 1.01 (R2 = 0.761) for 3D surface volumetry and 1.04 (R2 = 0.820) for CT volumetry. CT volumetry showed significantly lower absolute estimation error compared with 3D surface volumetry (P = 0.011). Reliability analysis revealed excellent agreement between CT volumetry and explant liver mass (ICC = 0.90) and good-to-excellent agreement for 3D surface volumetry (ICC = 0.87).
CONCLUSION
Both CT volumetry and 3D surface scanning provide quantitatively consistent estimates of liver graft size. However, CT volumetry remains more precise, while 3D surface scanning may serve as a complementary method in this pilot methodological study.
Core Tip: Liver transplantation requires accurate estimation of graft size to optimize postoperative outcomes, with computed tomography (CT) volumetry currently the clinical standard. In this pilot methodological validation study, CT volumetry was compared with three-dimensional surface scanning using explant liver mass as the reference standard. While CT volumetry demonstrated higher precision, three-dimensional surface scanning showed strong correlation and good measurement reliability, supporting its potential role as a complementary method for ex vivo liver volumetry.
