Omar AS, Kaddoura R, Orabi B, Hanoura S. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on liver, liver diseases, and liver transplantation programs in intensive care units. World J Hepatol 2021; 13(10): 1215-1233 [PMID: 34786163 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i10.1215]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Amr Salah Omar, MBChB, MSc, PhD, Professor, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Alryan Road, Doha 3050, DA, Qatar. a_s_omar@yahoo.com
Research Domain of This Article
Critical Care Medicine
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Hepatol. Oct 27, 2021; 13(10): 1215-1233 Published online Oct 27, 2021. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i10.1215
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on liver, liver diseases, and liver transplantation programs in intensive care units
Amr Salah Omar, Rasha Kaddoura, Bassant Orabi, Samy Hanoura
Amr Salah Omar, Samy Hanoura, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, DA, Qatar
Amr Salah Omar, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 61355, Egypt
Amr Salah Omar, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha 3050, Qatar
Rasha Kaddoura, Bassant Orabi, Department of Pharmacy, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, DA, Qatar
Samy Hanoura, Department of Anesthesia, Alazhar University, Cairo 6050, Egypt
Samy Hanoura, Department of Anesthesia, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha 3050, DA, Qatar
Author contributions: Omar AS and Kaddoura R have made substantial contributions to the outline of the article; Omar AS was responsible for the abstract, introduction, impact of COVID-19 on liver transplantation programs and implications and future directions; Kaddoura R was responsible for prevalence and consequences of COVID-19-associated liver injury, pre-existing liver disease in COVID-19-associated liver injury and the tables/figure; Hanoura S wrote pathogenesis of liver injury in COVID-19; Orabi B wrote drug-induced liver injury in patients with COVID-19, drug-drug interactions between immunosuppressive therapy and COVID-19 agents and impact of COVID-19 on CVS and HCC; all authors revised and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they do not have conflict of interest related to this manuscript.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Amr Salah Omar, MBChB, MSc, PhD, Professor, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Alryan Road, Doha 3050, DA, Qatar. a_s_omar@yahoo.com
Received: March 14, 2021 Peer-review started: March 14, 2021 First decision: June 14, 2021 Revised: June 25, 2021 Accepted: September 6, 2021 Article in press: September 6, 2021 Published online: October 27, 2021
Abstract
Emerging worldwide data have been suggesting that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic consequences are not limited to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems but encompass adverse gastrointestinal manifestations including acute liver injury as well. Severe cases of liver injury associated with higher fatality rates were observed in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Intensive care units (ICU) have been the center of disposition of severe cases of COVID-19. This review discusses the pathogenesis of acute liver injury in ICU patients with COVID-19, and analyzes its prevalence, consequences, possible drug-induced liver injury, and the impact of the pandemic on liver diseases and transplantation programs.
Core Tip: In this manuscript, liver dysfunction is seen more in patients with more severe disease upon presentation. It is difficult to separate the independent effect of viral infection from various treatment modalities, including antibiotics and experimental antiviral drugs that are used in these patients.
