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Di Pietrantonio D, Pace Palitti V, Cichelli A, Tacconelli S. Protective Effect of Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acids of Coffee in Liver Disease. Foods 2024; 13:2280. [PMID: 39063364 PMCID: PMC11276147 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world due to its unique aroma and psychostimulant effects, mainly due to the presence of caffeine. In recent years, experimental evidence has shown that the moderate consumption of coffee (3/4 cups per day) is safe and beneficial to human health, revealing protective effects against numerous chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and hepatic diseases. This review focuses on two of coffee's main bioactive compounds, i.e., caffeine and chlorogenic acids, and their effects on the progression of chronic liver diseases, demonstrating that regular coffee consumption correlates with a lower risk of the development and progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In particular, this review analyzes caffeine and chlorogenic acid from a pharmacological point of view and explores the molecular mechanism through which these compounds are responsible for the protective role of coffee. Both bioactive compounds, therefore, have antifibrotic effects on hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes, induce a decrease in connective tissue growth factor, stimulate increased apoptosis with anti-cancer effects, and promote a major inhibition of focal adhesion kinase, actin, and protocollagen synthesis. In conclusion, coffee shows many beneficial effects, and experimental data in favor of coffee consumption in patients with liver diseases are encouraging, but further prospective studies are needed to demonstrate its preventive and therapeutic role in chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Pietrantonio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Valeria Pace Palitti
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Via R. Paolini 47, 65125 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Naghizadeh MM, Osati S, Homayounfar R, Masoudi-Nejad A. Food co-consumption network as a new approach to dietary pattern in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20703. [PMID: 38001137 PMCID: PMC10673913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns strongly correlate with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a leading cause of chronic liver disease in developed societies. In this study, we introduce a new definition, the co-consumption network (CCN), which depicts the common consumption patterns of food groups through network analysis. We then examine the relationship between dietary patterns and NAFLD by analyzing this network. We selected 1500 individuals living in Tehran, Iran, cross-sectionally. They completed a food frequency questionnaire and underwent scanning via the FibroScan for liver stiffness, using the CAP score. The food items were categorized into 40 food groups. We reconstructed the CCN using the Spearman correlation-based connection. We then created healthy and unhealthy clusters using the label propagation algorithm. Participants were assigned to two clusters using the hypergeometric distribution. Finally, we classified participants into two healthy NAFLD networks, and reconstructed the gender and disease differential CCNs. We found that the sweet food group was the hub of the proposed CCN, with the largest cliques of size 5 associated with the unhealthy cluster. The unhealthy module members had a significantly higher CAP score (253.7 ± 47.8) compared to the healthy module members (218.0 ± 46.4) (P < 0.001). The disease differential CCN showed that in the case of NAFLD, processed meat had been co-consumed with mayonnaise and soft drinks, in contrast to the healthy participants, who had co-consumed fruits with green leafy and yellow vegetables. The CCN is a powerful method for presenting food groups, their consumption quantity, and their interactions efficiently. Moreover, it facilitates the examination of the relationship between dietary patterns and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Saeed Osati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Nadi A, Oulammou Z, Maizi M, Delsa H, Rouibaa F. The Association between Coffee Consumption and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Is there a Protective Role? Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2023.10022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease. Several studies have suggested a protective role of coffee in chronic liver disease, but their results remain controversial.
AIM: The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between coffee consumption and the prevalence and severity of NAFLD in a non-diabetic and non-alcoholic population.
METHODS: This study involved 157 participants. Cases were defined by the presence of steatosis on liver ultrasound, the severity of which was assessed by the Bright Liver Steatosis Score. Controls were defined by the absence of steatosis on liver ultrasound. All patients with cytolysis and/or cholestasis had an etiological investigation (serologic testing for Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection, and autoimmune investigation). All participants underwent liver ultrasound, clinical assessment (blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI)), and biological assessment (Complete Blood Count, lipid profile test, liver function tests, and Fasting Blood Glucose [FBG]). Dietary assessment was conducted using a food frequency questionnaire, coffee consumption was dichotomized into present or absent and then categorized according to the number of cups consumed per day.
RESULTS: The study included 94 NAFLD and 63 controls, the two groups were comparable in demographic characteristics. The means of systolic blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, Aspartate Transaminase, Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase, and FBG were significantly higher in the NAFLD group. The study of the association between coffee consumption and NAFLD showed a significant decrease in the risk of its occurrence (Odds Ratios [OR] = 0.39) and its severity (OR = 0.32) in coffee consumers, mainly in those consuming 3 or more cups. In multivariate analysis, the following factors were associated with increased prevalence of NAFLD: Metabolic syndrome, high mean levels of alkaline phosphatase, GGT, ALT, FBG, BMI, and waist circumference. However, Green tea consumption was not associated with either prevalence or severity of NAFLD (OR = 1.02, p = 0.82).
CONCLUSION: Coffee consumption is inversely associated with the prevalence and severity of NAFLD. Further prospective studies are needed to establish a cause-effect relationship between coffee and NAFLD.
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Montemayor S, Mascaró CM, Ugarriza L, Casares M, Gómez C, Martínez JA, Tur JA, Bouzas C. Intrahepatic Fat Content and COVID-19 Lockdown in Adults with NAFLD and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173462. [PMID: 36079720 PMCID: PMC9457922 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 lockdowns had a significant impact on people’s health, triggering levels of anxiety, perceived stress, and changes in food and nutritional status. Objectives: To assess the changes in dietary habits, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and liver parameters before and after the COVID-19 lockdown according to changes in intrahepatic fat content in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and MetS. Design: Pre- and post-lockdown observation of the COVID-19 lockdown on fifty-nine 40–60-year-old participants with MetS and NAFLD, in a parallel group, randomised experiment intended to treat NAFLD. Methods: Anthropometrics, liver and MetS biochemical parameters, intrahepatic fat content by abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, and dietary assessment using a validated 148-item Food Frequency Questionnaire were collected pre-COVID-19 lockdown and post-lockdown. Results: COVID-19 lockdown led to negative changes in the liver of patients with NAFLD and MetS, with weight gain and increases in glycemia, ALT and intrahepatic fat content post lockdown. Participants with worsened liver status had low consumption of fibre, cheese, nuts and coffee, and high consumption of sweets and pastries. Participants who improved liver status ameliorated ALT values, waist circumference, and intrahepatic fat content, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging post-lockdown. Conclusions: The maintenance of healthy lifestyle habits is vital, especially for populations with NAFLD and MetS, to reduce unhealthy lifestyle patterns displayed during lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Montemayor
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina M. Mascaró
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lucía Ugarriza
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Camp Redó Primary Health Care Center, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Casares
- Radiodiagnosis Service, Red Asistencial Juaneda, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Clinical Analysis Service, Universitary Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiometabolics Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Ristic-Medic D, Bajerska J, Vucic V. Crosstalk between dietary patterns, obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3314-3333. [PMID: 36158263 PMCID: PMC9346467 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i27.3314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising worldwide, paralleling the epidemic of obesity. The liver is a key organ for the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Various types of fats and carbohydrates in isocaloric diets differently influence fat accumulation in the liver parenchyma. Therefore, nutrition can manage hepatic and cardiometabolic complications of NAFLD. Even moderately reduced caloric intake, which leads to a weight loss of 5%-10% of initial body weight, is effective in improving liver steatosis and surrogate markers of liver disease status. Among dietary patterns, the Mediterranean diet mostly prevents the onset of NAFLD. Furthermore, this diet is also the most recommended for the treatment of NAFLD patients. However, clinical trials based on the dietary interventions in NAFLD patients are sparse. Since there are only a few studies examining dietary interventions in clinically advanced stages of NAFLD, such as active and fibrotic steatohepatitis, the optimal diet for patients in these stages of the disease must still be determined. In this narrative review, we aimed to critically summarize the associations between different dietary patterns, obesity and prevention/risk for NAFLD, to describe specific dietary interventions' impacts on liver steatosis in adults with NAFLD and to provide an updated overview of dietary recommendations that clinicians potentially need to apply in their daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Ristic-Medic
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic Serbia, Belgrade PO Box 102, Serbia
| | - Joanna Bajerska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań 60-624, Poland
| | - Vesna Vucic
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic Serbia, Belgrade PO Box 102, Serbia
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Xin X, Cheng C, Bei-Yu C, Hong-Shan L, Hua-Jie T, Xin W, Zi-Ming A, Qin-Mei S, Yi-Yang H, Qin F. Caffeine and EGCG Alleviate High-Trans Fatty Acid and High-Carbohydrate Diet-Induced NASH in Mice: Commonality and Specificity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:784354. [PMID: 34881283 PMCID: PMC8647766 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.784354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which respectively, are the main functional extracts from coffee and green tea, and present protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). These two beverages and their functional extracts are highly recommended as potential treatments for obesity and NAFLD in clinics; however, their pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacological mechanisms in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the commonality and specificity of the pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of caffeine and EGCG on NASH mice, which were fed with a high-trans fatty acid/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (control group) or an HFHC diet (HFHC group) for 24 weeks. HFHC group mice were additionally treated with caffeine (75 mg/kg) or EGCG (100 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, using obeticholic acid (OCA,10 mg/kg) as a positive control group. The pharmacological effects of the drugs, including effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver inflammation and fibrosis, were evaluated. Gene expression in liver tissue samples from the different groups were assessed. Both caffeine and EGCG significantly reduced the liver manifestations of NASH induced by HFHC. The pathological aspects of liver lipid deposition, inflammation, and liver fibrosis in both groups were strongly ameliorated. Of note, most indexes were strongly reversed in the caffeine group, although AST activity, fasting blood glucose, and the HOMA-IR index were improved in the ECGC group. There were 714 differentially expressed genes between the caffeine and HFHC groups and 268 differentially expressed genes between the EGCG and HFHC groups. Twenty and 17 NASH-related KEGG signaling pathways were enriched by caffeine and EGCG. This study confirmed that 75 mg/kg caffeine and 100 mg/kg EGCG could significantly improve liver lipid deposition, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH induced by HFHC. The bioinformatics platform we built for caffeine and EGCG in NASH disease found that the two drugs may greatly overlap in improving the mechanism related to NASH inflammation. However, caffeine may have better potential in regulating glucose metabolism and EGCG may have better potential in regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai Bei-Yu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Hong-Shan
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Hua-Jie
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Xin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An Zi-Ming
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Qin-Mei
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Yi-Yang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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7
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Tsompanaki E, Thanapirom K, Papatheodoridi M, Parikh P, Chotai de Lima Y, Tsochatzis EA. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Role of Diet in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 21:1462-1474.e24. [PMID: 34838723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with dietary factors is well established but not thoroughly investigated. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes available evidence regarding the effect of nutrition on the presence and severity of NAFLD. METHODS A literature search was conducted identifying studies published between January 1985 and May 2021. We included studies with a dietary assessment and anthropometry based on validated tools, performed by a qualified dietitian or a trained health professional. We examined differences between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls as well as patients with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. RESULTS There were 60 eligible studies with 100,621 patients. The risk of bias was moderate for the majority of studies (41/60; 68%). According to meta-analyses, total caloric intake was higher in patients with NAFLD compared with controls (mean difference, 78.08; 95% confidence interval, 41.03-115.13). Macronutrient (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) consumption as proportion of total caloric intake and daily intake of fiber, caffeine and vitamins E, A, and C did not significantly differ between patients with NAFLD and controls. Soft drink consumption had a trend towards association with the presence of NAFLD. However, the odds ratio was 4.4 and the confidence intervals very wide. Finally, there was no significant difference in any comparison between patients with NAFLD and NASH, although the number of patients was relatively small. All meta-analyses had significant heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, despite high heterogeneity among studies, this meta-analysis demonstrated that higher caloric intake is positively associated with NAFLD, whereas diet composition in macronutrients was not associated with the presence or severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tsompanaki
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kessarin Thanapirom
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Pathik Parikh
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Chotai de Lima
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel A Tsochatzis
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Hayat U, Siddiqui AA, Okut H, Afroz S, Tasleem S, Haris A. The effect of coffee consumption on the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: A meta-analysis of 11 epidemiological studies. Ann Hepatol 2021; 20:100254. [PMID: 32920163 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widespread chronic liver disease. It is considered a multifactorial disorder that can progress to liver fibrosis and cause a worldwide public health concern. Coffee consumption may have a protective impact on NAFLD and liver fibrosis. However, the evidence from the previous studies is inconsistent. This meta-analysis summarizes available literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study comprises two meta-analyses. The first meta-analysis summarizes the effect of coffee consumption on NAFLD in those who did or did not drink coffee. The second analysis compares the risk of liver fibrosis development between NAFLD patients who did or did not drink coffee. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and confidence intervals (CI) of observational studies were estimated. RESULTS Of the total collected 321 articles, 11 met our eligibility criteria to be included in the analysis. The risk of NAFLD among those who drank coffee compared to those who did not was significantly lower with a pooled RR value of 0.77 (95% CI 0.60-0.98). Moreover, we also found a significantly reduced risk of liver fibrosis in those who drink coffee than those who did not drink in the NAFLD patients with the relative risk (RR) of 0.68 (95% CI 0.68-0.79). CONCLUSIONS Regular coffee consumption is significantly associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD. It is also significantly associated with decreased risk of liver fibrosis development in already diagnosed NAFLD patients. Although coffee consumption may be considered an essential preventive measure for NAFLD, this subject needs further epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Hayat
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KA, USA.
| | - Ali A Siddiqui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Loma Linda University Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Hayrettin Okut
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KA, USA
| | - Saba Afroz
- Hospital Medicine, Wesley Medical Center, Wichita, KA, USA
| | - Syed Tasleem
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Ahmed Haris
- Hospital Medicine, Wesley Medical Center, Wichita, KA, USA
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9
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Satiya J, Snyder HS, Singh SP, Satapathy SK. Narrative review of current and emerging pharmacological therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:60. [PMID: 34805582 PMCID: PMC8573363 DOI: 10.21037/tgh-20-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease today, and it has now emerged as the leading etiology of end-stage liver disease requiring liver transplantation. It is a progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease which can not only progress to cirrhosis of liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but is associated with increased cardiovascular risks too. Despite all the advances in the understanding of the risk factors and the pathogenetic pathways involved in the pathogenesis and progression of NASH, an effective therapy for NASH has not been developed yet. Although lifestyle modifications including dietary modifications and physical activity remain the mainstay of therapy, there is an unmet need to develop a drug or a combination of drugs which can not only reduce the fatty infiltration of the liver, but also arrest the development and progression of fibrosis and advancement to cirrhosis of liver and HCC. The pharmacologic therapies which are being developed target the various components believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/NASH which includes insulin resistance, lipid metabolism oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory and cell death pathways, and fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on pharmacotherapy of NASH, and also highlight the recent developments in the field, for optimizing the management and treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinendra Satiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Shivaram Prasad Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, India
- Kalinga Gastroenterology Foundation, Beam Diagnostics Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- Division of Hepatology, Sandra Atlas Bass Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
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10
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Kaenkumchorn TK, Merritt MA, Lim U, Le Marchand L, Boushey CJ, Shepherd JA, Wilkens LR, Ernst T, Lampe JW. Diet and Liver Adiposity in Older Adults: The Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study. J Nutr 2021; 151:3579-3587. [PMID: 34590125 PMCID: PMC8564699 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet plays a key role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Limited data exist regarding specific nutrients and food groups and liver fat continuously, particularly among different ethnicities. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the relationship between usual dietary intake and accurately measured liver fat content in a multiethnic population. METHODS Participants from the Multiethnic Cohort were recruited into the cross-sectional Adiposity Phenotype Study including women and men aged 60-77 y and 5 race/ethnic groups (African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and white). They filled out a detailed FFQ and underwent abdominal MRI for liver fat quantification and whole-body DXA for total adiposity. Intake of a priori-selected dietary factors (total and macronutrient energy, specific micronutrients, and food groups) was analyzed in relation to liver fat by estimating the mean percentage liver fat for quartiles of each dietary factor in a general linear model that adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, percentage body fat, and daily energy intake (kcal/d). RESULTS In total, 1682 participants (mean age: 69.2 y; 51% female) were included. Mean ± SD liver fat percentage was 5.7 ± 4.6. A significant positive association with liver fat was found across quartiles of percentage energy from fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, total red meat, red meat excluding processed red meat, and coffee (Bonferroni-adjusted P-trend < 0.05). A significant inverse association was observed for dietary fiber, vitamin C, and vitamin E (Bonferroni-adjusted P-trend < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study of ethnically diverse older adults shows that certain dietary factors, in particular red meat and saturated fat from red meat, were strongly associated with liver fat, whereas dietary fiber was inversely associated with liver fat, replicating some of the previous studies conducted mostly in whites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa A Merritt
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer
Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Unhee Lim
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer
Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer
Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Carol J Boushey
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer
Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - John A Shepherd
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer
Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer
Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,
School of Medicine, University of Maryland,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center, Seattle, WA,
USA
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11
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Sewter R, Heaney S, Patterson A. Coffee Consumption and the Progression of NAFLD: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:2381. [PMID: 34371891 PMCID: PMC8308484 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries. Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world and has been shown to be beneficial in limiting progression in chronic liver disease in general. However, research surrounding the impact of coffee consumption on NAFLD progression is limited. This systematic review aimed to investigate the relationship between coffee consumption and the progression of liver disease, specifically for cases of NAFLD. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched for published studies that evaluated the effects of coffee consumption on the progression of NAFLD. The results are presented in a narrative synthesis with principal summary measures, including odds ratios, p-values, and differences in mean coffee intake in relation to severity of NAFLD. Five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. There was no trial evidence among NAFLD patients, rather all studies were of a cross-sectional design. Using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist, four studies received a positive rating, with the remaining study receiving a neutral rating. Overall, four out of the five studies reported a statistically significant relationship between coffee consumption and the severity of fibrosis. Methods around capturing and defining coffee consumption were heterogeneous and therefore an effective dose could not be elucidated. Results suggest that higher coffee consumption is inversely associated with the severity of hepatic fibrosis in individuals with NAFLD. However, further research is required to elucidate the optimum quantity and form/preparation of coffee required to exert this hepatoprotective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sewter
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Susan Heaney
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.S.); (S.H.)
- Department of Rural Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia
| | - Amanda Patterson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.S.); (S.H.)
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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12
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Chhimwal J, Patial V, Padwad Y. Beverages and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Think before you drink. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2508-2519. [PMID: 33932796 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Beverages and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) both the terms are associated with westernized diet and sedentary lifestyle. Throughout recent decades, dietary changes have boosted demand of beverages to meet the liquid consumption needs, among which rising consumption of several calorie-rich beverages have increased the risk of fatty liver disease. Meanwhile, certain beverages have capacity to deliver many unanticipated health benefits thereby reducing the burden of NAFLD and metabolic diseases. The present review therefore addresses the increasing interconnections between beverages intake among population, dietary patterns and the overall effect of these beverage on the development and prevention of NAFLD. Methods In the present review, some frequently consumed beverage groups have been analyzed in light of their role in the advancement and prevention of NAFLD, including sugar sweetened, hot and alcoholic beverages. The nutritional composition of different beverages makes the progression of NAFLD distinctive. RESULTS The ingestion of sugar-rich beverages has demonstrated the metabolic burden and in all cases, raises the risk of NAFLD, while intake of coffee and tea has decreased this risk without any significant adverse effects. In some cases, low to moderate alcohol intake has been shown to minimize the risk of advanced fibrosis and NAFLD-mortality. CONCLUSION Together, this review discusses and supports work on new dietary approaches and clinical studies to accomplish nutrition-oriented NAFLD care by improving the drinking habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chhimwal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India.
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13
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Mega A, Marzi L, Kob M, Piccin A, Floreani A. Food and Nutrition in the Pathogenesis of Liver Damage. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041326. [PMID: 33923822 PMCID: PMC8073814 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important organ and plays a key role in the regulation of metabolism and in the secretion, storage, and detoxification of endogenous and exogenous substances. The impact of food and nutrition on the pathophysiological mechanisms of liver injury represents a great controversy. Several environmental factors including food and micronutrients are involved in the pathogenesis of liver damage. Conversely, some xenobiotics and micronutrients have been recognized to have a protective effect in several liver diseases. This paper offers an overview of the current knowledge on the role of xenobiotics and micronutrients in liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mega
- Gastroenterology Department, Bolzano Regional Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Marzi
- Gastroenterology Department, Bolzano Regional Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Michael Kob
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Bolzano Regional Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Andrea Piccin
- Northern Ireland Blood Transfusion Service, Belfast BT9 7TS, UK;
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38100 Trento, Italy
| | - Annarosa Floreani
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, 37024 Negrar-Verona, Italy;
- Department Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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14
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Mikolasevic I, Domislovic V, Filipec Kanizaj T, Radic-Kristo D, Krznaric Z, Milovanovic T, Juric T, Klapan M, Skenderevic N, Delija B, Stevanovic T, Mijic A, Lukic A, Stimac D. Relationship between coffee consumption, sleep duration and smoking status with elastographic parameters of liver steatosis and fibrosis; controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurements. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13770. [PMID: 33070425 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM our aim was to explore the association between life habits and the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurements (LSM) as the surrogate markers of liver steatosis and fibrosis in a large cohort of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. METHODS In this prospective, cross-sectional study we had analysed 1998 patients with diagnosed NAFLD. Sleeping duration was categorised in three groups: short (S) (<6 hours), moderate (M) (6-8 hours) and long (L) (>8 hours) sleep duration. Coffee drinking was categorized into no (0), moderate (1-2) and frequent (≥3) consumption (in cups/day). Smoking was categorised as yes versus no. RESULTS Frequent coffee consumers had the lowest prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes. Furthermore, coffee non-consumers had highest values of hepatic enzymes, CAP and LSM. Moderate sleep duration was associated with lower values of CAP and LSM. Coffee consumption was associated with lower CAP in all the multivariate models (CAP unadjusted and model 1, 2 and 3), with largest effect in most frequent coffee consumers (≥3, model 3). Also, most frequent coffee consumers were associated with lower LSM in unadjusted model, model 1 and 2, while this was not the case for model 3 and those who consumed 1-2 cups of coffee per day. Reduced sleeping was confirmed as risk factor for elevated CAP in most of the models (unadjusted and model 1 and 2). Also, negative association of LSM was also confirmed in unadjusted model and model 2. Patients which slept 6-8 hours per day were mostly associated with lower CAP and LSM. Smoking status was not associated with CAP or LSM values. CONCLUSION Coffee consumption has beneficial effect on CAP and LSM and this effect is dose dependent since and independent of a variety of relevant confounders. We have shown that moderate sleep duration has also beneficial effect on CAP and LSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mikolasevic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Viktor Domislovic
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tajana Filipec Kanizaj
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Delfa Radic-Kristo
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Krznaric
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Milovanovic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Toni Juric
- School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mia Klapan
- School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nadija Skenderevic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bozena Delija
- School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Ana Mijic
- School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Andjela Lukic
- School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Davor Stimac
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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15
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Ohishi T, Fukutomi R, Shoji Y, Goto S, Isemura M. The Beneficial Effects of Principal Polyphenols from Green Tea, Coffee, Wine, and Curry on Obesity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020453. [PMID: 33467101 PMCID: PMC7830344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies and clinical trials have reported the beneficial effects of green tea, coffee, wine, and curry on human health, with its anti-obesity, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective properties. These effects, which have been supported using cell-based and animal studies, are mainly attributed to epigallocatechin gallate found in green tea, chlorogenic acid in coffee, resveratrol in wine, and curcumin in curry. Polyphenols are proposed to function via various mechanisms, the most important of which is related to reactive oxygen species (ROS). These polyphenols exert conflicting dual actions as anti- and pro-oxidants. Their anti-oxidative actions help scavenge ROS and downregulate nuclear factor-κB to produce favorable anti-inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, pro-oxidant actions appear to promote ROS generation leading to the activation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase, which modulates different enzymes and factors with health beneficial roles. Currently, it remains unclear how these polyphenols exert either pro- or anti-oxidant effects. Similarly, several human studies showed no beneficial effects of these foods, and, by extension polyphenols, on obesity. These inconsistencies may be attributed to different confounding study factors. Thus, this review provides a state-of-the-art update on these foods and their principal polyphenol components, with an assumption that it prevents obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-55-924-0601
| | - Ryuuta Fukutomi
- Quality Management Div. Higuchi Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan;
| | - Yutaka Shoji
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Shingo Goto
- Division of Citrus Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan;
| | - Mamoru Isemura
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.I.)
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16
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Kositamongkol C, Kanchanasurakit S, Auttamalang C, Inchai N, Kabkaew T, Kitpark S, Chaiyakunapruk N, Duangjai A, Saokaew S, Phisalprapa P. Coffee Consumption and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Umbrella Review and a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:786596. [PMID: 34966282 PMCID: PMC8710778 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.786596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of coffee consumption on hepatic outcomes are controversial. This study investigated the associations between coffee consumption and the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population and the reduction of liver fibrosis among patients with NAFLD. Methods: The study consisted of two parts: an umbrella review and a systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA). The searches for each part were performed separately using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. All articles published up to September 2021 were reviewed. To be eligible, studies for the umbrella review were required to report outcomes that compared the risks of NAFLD in the general population and/or liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD who did and did not drink coffee. Our SRMA included primary studies reporting the effects of coffee consumption on NAFLD-related outcomes. The outcomes were pooled using a random-effects model and reported in both qualitative and quantitative terms (pooled risk ratio, odds ratio, and weighted mean difference). Results: We identified four published SRMAs during the umbrella review. Most studies showed that individuals in the general population who regularly drank coffee were significantly associated with a lower NAFLD incidence than those who did not. Our SRMA included nine studies on the effects of coffee consumption on NAFLD incidence. Pooled data from 147,875 subjects showed that coffee consumption was not associated with a lower NAFLD incidence in the general population. The between-study heterogeneity was high (I 2, 72-85%). Interestingly, among patients with NAFLD (5 studies; n = 3,752), coffee consumption was significantly associated with a reduction in liver fibrosis (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.80; I 2, 3%). There were no differences in the coffee consumption of the general population and of those with NAFLD (4 studies; n = 19,482) or by patients with no/mild liver fibrosis and those with significant fibrosis (4 studies; n = 3,331). Conclusions: There are contrasting results on the effects of coffee on NAFLD prevention in the general population. Benefits of coffee consumption on liver fibrosis were seen among patients with NAFLD. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021226607, identifier CRD42021226607.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanis Kositamongkol
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sukrit Kanchanasurakit
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care, Department of Pharmacy, Phrae Hospital, Phrae, Thailand
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Chiraphong Auttamalang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nutkamon Inchai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Thanatchaporn Kabkaew
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Sarunporn Kitpark
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Acharaporn Duangjai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Surasak Saokaew, ; Pochamana Phisalprapa,
| | - Pochamana Phisalprapa
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Surasak Saokaew, ; Pochamana Phisalprapa,
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17
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Hanif H, Khan MM, Ali MJ, Shah PA, Satiya J, Lau DT, Aslam A. A New Endemic of Concomitant Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Hepatitis B. Microorganisms 2020; 8:1526. [PMID: 33020450 PMCID: PMC7601829 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global public problem despite the availability of an effective vaccine. In the past decades, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has surpassed HBV as the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The prevalence of concomitant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and NAFLD thus reaches endemic proportions in geographic regions where both conditions are common. Patients with CHB and NAFLD are at increased risk of liver disease progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to the complexity of the pathogenesis, accurate diagnosis of NAFLD in CHB patients can be challenging. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosing and determining disease severity, but it is an invasive procedure with potential complications. There is a growing body of literature on the application of novel noninvasive serum biomarkers and advanced radiological modalities to diagnose and evaluate NAFLD, but most have not been adequately validated, especially for patients with CHB. Currently, there is no approved therapy for NAFLD, although many new agents are in different phases of development. This review provides a summary of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of the NAFLD and highlights the unmet needs in the areas of CHB and NAFLD coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Hanif
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Muzammil M. Khan
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Mukarram J. Ali
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Pir A. Shah
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jinendra Satiya
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Daryl T.Y. Lau
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Aysha Aslam
- Department of Medicine, Louis A Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60640, USA
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18
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Chung HK, Nam JS, Lee MY, Kim YB, Won YS, Song WJ, Kim YH, Ahn CW, Sung KC. The increased amount of coffee consumption lowers the incidence of fatty liver disease in Korean men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1653-1661. [PMID: 32631703 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coffee is known to have a beneficial effect on various liver diseases. The aim of this retrospective longitudinal study was to investigate an association between the amount of coffee consumption and the incidence of fatty liver disease in Korean adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from a total of 91,436 male and female subjects with the mean follow-up period of 2.8 years were analyzed. The incidence of fatty liver was not associated with the amount of coffee consumption at baseline, but it was associated with the change in the amount of coffee consumption at the follow-up period. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that hazard ratios for incidence of fatty liver disease were significantly low in "increase" group comparing with "no change" group in fully adjusted model. When a subgroup analysis by gender was conducted, similar significant results were observed in male subjects, but not in females. CONCLUSIONS The increment in the amount of coffee consumption is associated with the lower incidence of fatty liver in Korean men and suggests that increasing the coffee consumption may have a protective effect on fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Chung
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of R&D Management, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sam Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woo Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Mansour A, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Karimi S, Sanginabadi M, Poustchi H, Enayati S, Asgarbeik S, Nasrollahzadeh J, Hekmatdoost A. Short term effects of coffee components consumption on gut microbiota in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver and diabetes: A pilot randomized placebo-controlled, clinical trial. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:241-250. [PMID: 32256270 PMCID: PMC7105939 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of caffeine and chlorogenic acid supplementation on gut microbiota, and metabolic disturbances in patients with NAFLD and diabetes. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, 26 patients with diabetes and NAFLD were randomly assigned to four groups to receive either 200 mg caffeine plus 200 mg chlorogenic acid (CFCA), or 200 mg caffeine plus 200 mg placebo (starch) (CFPL), or 200 mg chlorogenic acid plus 200 mg placebo (CAPL), or 200 mg placebo plus 200 mg placebo (PLPL) for 12 weeks. After 3 months of supplementation, patients in the intervention groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (CFCA group =-3.69 kg; CFPL group=-0.7kg; CAPL group=-0.43kg; PLPL group=0.26 kg) (p=0.004). Weight reduced significantly more in CFCA group compared to all other three groups (p=0.005 for PLPL; p=0.023 for CAPL; and p=0.031 for CFPL). Although the number of gut Bifidobacteria increased in CFCA group, there were no statistically significant differences within and between the groups in any of bacteria numbers. In conclusion, our study showed that 12 weeks consumption of 200 mg/day caffeine plus 200 mg/day chlorogenic acid is effective in reduction of weight in patients with NAFLD and diabetes which might be at least partially through the rise in gut Bifidobacteria. This pilot study shed a light on the pathway of future clinical trials assessing the effects of coffee consumption in these patients. This trial has been registered at clinicaltrial.gov with registration number of NCT02929901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Mansour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Sanginabadi
- Radiology Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Enayati
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Asgarbeik
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Marjot T, Moolla A, Cobbold JF, Hodson L, Tomlinson JW. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: Current Concepts in Etiology, Outcomes, and Management. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5601173. [PMID: 31629366 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of disease, extending from simple steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis with a significant risk for the development of cirrhosis. It is highly prevalent and is associated with significant adverse outcomes both through liver-specific morbidity and mortality but, perhaps more important, through adverse cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes. It is closely associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity, and both of these conditions drive progressive disease toward the more advanced stages. The mechanisms that govern hepatic lipid accumulation and the predisposition to inflammation and fibrosis are still not fully understood but reflect a complex interplay between metabolic target tissues including adipose and skeletal muscle, and immune and inflammatory cells. The ability to make an accurate assessment of disease stage (that relates to clinical outcome) can also be challenging. While liver biopsy is still regarded as the gold-standard investigative tool, there is an extensive literature on the search for novel noninvasive biomarkers and imaging modalities that aim to accurately reflect the stage of underlying disease. Finally, although no therapies are currently licensed for the treatment of NAFLD, there are interventions that appear to have proven efficacy in randomized controlled trials as well as an extensive emerging therapeutic landscape of new agents that target many of the fundamental pathophysiological processes that drive NAFLD. It is highly likely that over the next few years, new treatments with a specific license for the treatment of NAFLD will become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Marjot
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmad Moolla
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy F Cobbold
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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21
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Plaz Torres MC, Aghemo A, Lleo A, Bodini G, Furnari M, Marabotto E, Miele L, Giannini EG. Mediterranean Diet and NAFLD: What We Know and Questions That Still Need to Be Answered. Nutrients 2019; 11:2971. [PMID: 31817398 PMCID: PMC6949938 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is expected to become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease worldwide over the next few decades. In fact, NAFLD encompasses different clinical scenarios, from the simple accumulation of fat (steatosis) to steatohepatitis (NASH), NASH-cirrhosis, and cirrhosis complications. In this context, it is fundamental to pursue strategies aimed at both preventing the disease and reducing the progression of liver fibrosis once liver damage is already initiated. As of today, no pharmacological treatment has been approved for NAFLD/NASH, and the only recommended treatment of proven efficacy are life-style modifications, including diet and physical exercise pointing at weight loss of 5%-7%. Different dietetic approaches have been proposed in this setting, and in this review, we will discuss the evidence regarding the efficacy of the Mediterranean Diet as a treatment for NAFLD. In particular, we will report the effects on liver-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Corina Plaz Torres
- Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Programma Dipartimentale Diagnosi e Terapia delle Malattie Emergenti dell’Apparato Digerente, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Divisione di Medicine Interna ed Epatologia, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alessio Aghemo
- Divisione di Medicine Interna ed Epatologia, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Ana Lleo
- Divisione di Medicine Interna ed Epatologia, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bodini
- Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Programma Dipartimentale Diagnosi e Terapia delle Malattie Emergenti dell’Apparato Digerente, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Divisione di Medicine Interna ed Epatologia, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Manuele Furnari
- Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Marabotto
- Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Medicina Interna, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Roma, Italy
| | - Edoardo G. Giannini
- Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Programma Dipartimentale Diagnosi e Terapia delle Malattie Emergenti dell’Apparato Digerente, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, no.6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Chen YP, Lu FB, Hu YB, Xu LM, Zheng MH, Hu ED. A systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis of coffee dose and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:2552-2557. [PMID: 30573353 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most predominant chronic liver disease worldwide. Effect of coffee on NAFLD risk and its potential dose-response patterns were explored in the study. DESIGN PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane and Embase were searched up to 10 April 2018. We performed pair-wise meta-analysis of <1 cup per day vs. 1-2 cups per days or >2 cups per day to pool the relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). And dose-response analysis was used to estimate relationship of NAFLD occurrence with coffee intake. RESULTS Seven articles were included with 4825 cases and 49,616 non-cases. Compared with <1 cup, 1-2 cups or >2 cups of coffee consumption per day were not significantly associated with NAFLD occurrence, and RR were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.85-1.11) and 0.88 (95%CI: 0.72-1.06). However, the summary RR of the highest versus lowest coffee consumption was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92-0.97). Dose-response meta-analysis presented a non-linearity curve relationship of coffee and NAFLD occurrence while coffee consumption >3 cups per day reduced NAFLD significantly. CONCLUSION Coffee intake level more than 3 cups was observed lower risk of NAFLD than <2 cups per day. Although the risk of NAFLD was inversely associated with coffee consumption, while relevance may not be very close and more observational studies would be needed to verify the relationship of coffee and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng-Bin Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinhua Municioal Central Hospital, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Lan-Man Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - En-De Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the healthy protective effects of coffee against several metabolic diseases and some types of cancer. In this short review, the possible preventive and/or therapeutic actions of coffee on liver function is focused. RECENT FINDINGS The protective mechanisms of coffee are various and because of several components with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in addition to caffeine.As a matter of the fact, polyphenols in decaffeinated coffee have a similar effect on liver fibrosis and on serum levels of liver enzymes as those in caffeinated coffee.Furthermore, diterpenes may exert a detoxifying action and antioxidant activity, with benefits on liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and cancer. SUMMARY A regular coffee consumption may have preventive healthy effects, especially if consumed without added sugars. Certainly, coffee consumption should not be prohibited in individuals with chronic inflammatory liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Contaldo
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Interuniversity Center for Obesity and Eating disorders (CISRO), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of liver disease in the United States and is strongly associated to the metabolic syndrome. In this review, we will discuss the evidence behind the current recommendations on lifestyle modifications and available treatment options for NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS The unrelenting rise in obesity and diabetes epidemic has led to a large healthcare burden from NAFLD and it is projected to continue to grow over the next two decades. Lifestyle modification that leads to weight loss is effective at treating NAFLD, but these modifications require a multidisciplinary approach for success in the real world. Multiple pharmacologic treatment options have been studied with promising results, but none have been approved for treatment in the United States. Clinical trials are on-going to study further pharmacologic treatment alternatives. SUMMARY NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease in United States, and an independent risk factor for mortality. Implementation of lifestyle modifications through a multidisciplinary approach and careful selection of patients for pharmacologic interventions will be essential for successful management of NAFLD.
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Yilmaz-Akyuz E, Ustun-Aytekin O, Bayram B, Tutar Y. Nutrients, Bioactive Compounds, and Health Benefits of Functional and Medicinal Beverages. NUTRIENTS IN BEVERAGES 2019:175-235. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816842-4.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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26
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Cai CX, Carlos S, Solaimani P, Trivedi BJ, Tran C, Castelino-Prabhu S. Nutritional and Dietary Interventions for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. DIETARY INTERVENTIONS IN LIVER DISEASE 2019:357-372. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814466-4.00029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current concepts, epidemiology and management strategies. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 30:1103-1115. [PMID: 30113367 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most prevalent liver disease in the world. It involves a spectrum of conditions from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis, and is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is defined by presence of steatosis in 5% of hepatocytes or more in the absence of other causes of fatty liver. The metabolic syndrome is the major known risk factor for NAFLD. Dietary contributors such as high fructose intake and coffee consumption appear to increase and decrease the risk of disease respectively, but these links are unclear. Genetic associations have also been identified. The estimated prevalence of the disease varies according to diagnostic method and population demographics. It appears to be a major issue in Europe with population studies showing up to 50% of the individuals are affected while in the USA one in three adults are estimated to have NAFLD. Laboratory investigations and ultrasound are typically first-line investigations. Fibrosis may be assessed noninvasively through transient elastography and biomarkers but liver biopsy remains the gold standard to quantify hepatic damage. Associated comorbidities include cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Weight loss, dietary changes and exercise are recommended in management. Medications should be considered to manage underlying risk factors including insulin resistance. Surgical options include bariatric procedures and liver transplantation. The combination of rising prevalence and significant potential complications warrant further research into NAFLD, particularly in areas with research gaps including Eastern Europe.
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28
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Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Herbs and Supplements in Patients with NAFLD. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6030080. [PMID: 30201879 PMCID: PMC6165515 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim is to review the efficacy of various herbs and supplements as a possible therapeutic option in the treatment and/or prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We performed a systematic review of medical literature using the PubMed Database by searching the chemical names of many common herbs and supplements with “AND (NAFLD or NASH)”. Studies and medical literature that discussed the roles and usage of herbs and supplements in NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from inception until 20 June 2018 were reviewed. Many studies have claimed that the use of various herbs and supplements may improve disease endpoints and outcomes related to NAFLD and/or NASH. Improvement in liver function tests were noted. Amelioration or reduction of lobular inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis were also noted. However, well-designed studies demonstrating improved clinical outcomes are lacking. Furthermore, experts remain concerned about the lack of regulation of herbs/supplements and the need for further research on potential adverse effects and herb–drug interactions. In conclusion, preliminary data on several herbs have demonstrated promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-adipogenic properties that may help curtail the progression of NAFLD/NASH. Clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy must be completed before widespread use can be recommended.
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29
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Trovato FM, Martines GF, Catalano D. Addressing Western dietary pattern in obesity and NAFLD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-018-0067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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George ES, Forsyth A, Itsiopoulos C, Nicoll AJ, Ryan M, Sood S, Roberts S, Tierney AC. Practical Dietary Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:30-40. [PMID: 29438460 PMCID: PMC6333937 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmx007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. In the absence of effective pharmacotherapies, clinical guidelines focus primarily on weight loss to treat this condition. Established consensus, evidence-based, and clinical dietary recommendations for NAFLD are currently lacking. The aim of this paper is to provide evidence-based practical dietary recommendations for the prevention and management of NAFLD in adults. A literature review focusing on established principles for the development of clinical practice recommendations was employed using the following criteria: based on substantial evidence, ensures risk minimization, is flexible for an individual patient approach, and is open to further modification as evidence emerges. The Practice-based Evidence in Nutrition classification system was used to grade these principles. Five key dietary recommendations were developed: 1) follow traditional dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet; 2) limit excess fructose consumption and avoid processed foods and beverages with added fructose; 3) PUFAs, especially long-chain omega-3 rich foods and MUFAs, should replace SFAs in the diet; 4) replace processed food, fast food, commercial bakery goods, and sweets with unprocessed foods high in fiber, including whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, and seeds; and 5) avoid excess alcohol consumption. Improving diet quality may reduce the incidence and progression of NAFLD and associated risk factors. Many of the benefits are likely to result from the collective effect of dietary patterns. High-quality research-in particular, randomized clinical trials assessing dietary interventions that focus on liver-specific endpoints-are needed as a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S George
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Departments of Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Prahran, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Prahran, Australia
| | - Adrienne Forsyth
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Departments of Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Prahran, Australia
| | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Departments of Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Prahran, Australia
| | - Amanda J Nicoll
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Australia
| | - Marno Ryan
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Siddharth Sood
- Department of Gastroenterology, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stuart K Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Prahran, Australia
| | - Audrey C Tierney
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Departments of Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Prahran, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Prahran, Australia
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31
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Simon TG, Trejo MEP, Zeb I, Frazier-Wood AC, McClelland RL, Chung RT, Budoff MJ. Coffee consumption is not associated with prevalent subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) or the risk of CVD events, in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: results from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Metabolism 2017; 75:1-5. [PMID: 28964324 PMCID: PMC5657519 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae represent the leading cause of mortality among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). While epidemiologic data support the hepatoprotective benefits of coffee in NAFLD, whether coffee improves NAFLD-associated CVD risk is unknown. METHODS We examined 3710 ethnically-diverse participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort, without history of known liver disease, and with available coffee data from a validated 120-item food frequency questionnaire. All participants underwent baseline non-contrast cardiac CT from which NAFLD was defined by liver:spleen ratio (L:S<1.0), and subclinical CVD was defined by coronary artery calcium (CAC)>0. Major CVD events were defined by the first occurrence of myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, angina, stroke, or CVD death. We used log-binomial regression to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) for CAC>0 by coffee intake and NAFLD status, and events were compared between groups using frequency of events within adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS Seventeen percent (N=637) of participants met criteria for NAFLD. NAFLD participants were more likely to have elevated BMI (mean 31.1±5.5kg/m2 vs. 28.0±5.2kg/m2, p<0.0001), and diabetes (22% vs. 11%, p<0.0001), but did not differ in daily coffee consumption (p=0.97). Among NAFLD participants, coffee consumption was not associated with prevalent, baseline CAC>0 (PR=1.02 [0.98-1.07]). Over 12.8years of follow-up, 93 NAFLD and 415 non-NAFLD participants experienced a CV event. However, coffee intake was not associated with incident CVD events, in either NAFLD (HR=1.05 [0.91-1.21]) or non-NAFLD participants (HR=1.03 [0.97-1.11]). CONCLUSION In a large, population-based cohort, coffee consumption was not associated with the prevalence of subclinical CVD, nor did coffee impact the future risk of major CVD events, regardless of underlying NAFLD status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey G Simon
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Irfan Zeb
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital (Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center), United States
| | - Alexis C Frazier-Wood
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robyn L McClelland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Romero-Gómez M, Zelber-Sagi S, Trenell M. Treatment of NAFLD with diet, physical activity and exercise. J Hepatol 2017; 67:829-846. [PMID: 28545937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 902] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle intervention can be effective when treating non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) patients. Weight loss decreases cardiovascular and diabetes risk and can also regress liver disease. Weight reductions of ⩾10% can induce a near universal non-alcoholic steatohepatitis resolution and fibrosis improvement by at least one stage. However, modest weight loss (>5%) can also produce important benefits on the components of the NAFLD activity score (NAS). Additionally, we need to explore the role of total calories and type of weight loss diet, micro- and macronutrients, evidence-based benefits of physical activity and exercise and finally support these modifications through established behavioural change models and techniques for long-term maintenance of lifestyle modifications. Following a Mediterranean diet can reduce liver fat even without weight loss and is the most recommended dietary pattern for NAFLD. The Mediterranean diet is characterised by reduced carbohydrate intake, especially sugars and refined carbohydrates (40% of the calories vs. 50-60% in a typical low fat diet), and increased monounsaturated and omega-3 fatty acid intake (40% of the calories as fat vs. up-to 30% in a typical low fat diet). Both TV sitting (a reliable marker of overall sedentary behaviour) and physical activity are associated with cardio-metabolic health, NAFLD and overall mortality. A 'triple hit behavioural phenotype' of: i) sedentary behaviour, ii) low physical activity, and iii) poor diet have been defined. Clinical evidence strongly supports the role of lifestyle modification as a primary therapy for the management of NAFLD and NASH. This should be accompanied by the implementation of strategies to avoid relapse and weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Mac.Ro UCM IC Digestive Diseases and Ciberehd, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- Department Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Trenell
- NIHR Innovation Observatory, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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33
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Petta S, Marchesini G. Coffee and tea breaks for liver health. J Hepatol 2017; 67:221-223. [PMID: 28578838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), "Alma Mater" University, Bologna, Italy
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Heath RD, Brahmbhatt M, Tahan AC, Ibdah JA, Tahan V. Coffee: The magical bean for liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:689-696. [PMID: 28596816 PMCID: PMC5440772 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i15.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee has long been recognized as having hepatoprotective properties, however, the extent of any beneficial effect is still being elucidated. Coffee appears to reduce risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, reduce advancement of fibrotic disease in a variety of chronic liver diseases, and perhaps reduce ability of hepatitis C virus to replicate. This review aims to catalog the evidence for coffee as universally beneficial across a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, as well as spotlight opportunities for future investigation into coffee and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Heath
- Ryan D Heath, Mihir Brahmbhatt, Asli C Tahan, Jamal A Ibdah, Veysel Tahan, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MU 65201, United States
| | - Mihir Brahmbhatt
- Ryan D Heath, Mihir Brahmbhatt, Asli C Tahan, Jamal A Ibdah, Veysel Tahan, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MU 65201, United States
| | - Asli C Tahan
- Ryan D Heath, Mihir Brahmbhatt, Asli C Tahan, Jamal A Ibdah, Veysel Tahan, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MU 65201, United States
| | - Jamal A Ibdah
- Ryan D Heath, Mihir Brahmbhatt, Asli C Tahan, Jamal A Ibdah, Veysel Tahan, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MU 65201, United States
| | - Veysel Tahan
- Ryan D Heath, Mihir Brahmbhatt, Asli C Tahan, Jamal A Ibdah, Veysel Tahan, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MU 65201, United States
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Barros RK, Cotrim HP, Daltro C, Alves E, de Freitas LAR, Daltro C, Oliveira Y. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in morbid obese patients: coffee consumption vs. disease severity. Ann Hepatol 2017; 15:350-5. [PMID: 27049488 DOI: 10.5604/16652681.1198804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity correlates with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and occurs in 90 to 100% of severely obese individuals (body mass index [BMI] > 35 kg/m2). Coffee consumption (CC) has been associated with reduced progression of fibrosis in both hepatitis C infection and NAFLD; however, this topic is still under discussion when this liver disease affects severely obese individuals. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between CC, insulin resistance (IR) and histological NAFLD morbid obese patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional study, including obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery, liver biopsy and histological diagnosis between September 2013 and August 2014. The patients were classified into 3 groups according to their weekly CC: 0- 239.9 mL; 240-2099.9 mL and ≥ 2100 mL. RESULTS A total of 112 obese individuals were included (BMI = 41.9 ± 4.3 kg/m2), with a mean age of 34.7 ± 7.4 years; 68.6% were women. CC was reported by 72.3% of patients. There were no statistical significant differences between groups regarding the presence of IR (84.8% vs. 74.2% vs. 75.9%; p = 0.536). Progressively higher percentages of individuals with normal liver histology were observed (14.7% vs. 21.9% vs. 24.3%). NASH (65.7% vs. 70.3% vs. 57.5%) were observed among those who consumed greater coffee volumes (p = 0.812). In conclusion, obese individuals with elevated CC exhibited lower frequencies of NASH, although with no statistical significance in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaelle K Barros
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde (PPgMS) and GNASH/CNPq-Faculdade de Medicina-Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Núcleo de Tratamento e Cirurgia da Obesidade (NTCO), Salvador- Bahia, Brazil
| | - Helma P Cotrim
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde (PPgMS) and GNASH/CNPq-Faculdade de Medicina-Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carla Daltro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde (PPgMS) and GNASH/CNPq-Faculdade de Medicina-Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Núcleo de Tratamento e Cirurgia da Obesidade (NTCO), Salvador- Bahia, Brazil
| | - Erivaldo Alves
- Núcleo de Tratamento e Cirurgia da Obesidade (NTCO), Salvador- Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luiz A R de Freitas
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia (UFBA), Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Claudia Daltro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde (PPgMS) and GNASH/CNPq-Faculdade de Medicina-Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador-Bahia, Brazil; Núcleo de Tratamento e Cirurgia da Obesidade (NTCO), Salvador- Bahia, Brazil
| | - Yanaihara Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde (PPgMS) and GNASH/CNPq-Faculdade de Medicina-Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
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Hodge A, Lim S, Goh E, Wong O, Marsh P, Knight V, Sievert W, de Courten B. Coffee Intake Is Associated with a Lower Liver Stiffness in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis B. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010056. [PMID: 28075394 PMCID: PMC5295100 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence for the positive effects or benefits of coffee in patients with liver disease. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to determine the effects of coffee intake on a non-invasive marker of liver fibrosis: liver stiffness assessed by transient elastography (TE). We assessed coffee and tea intake and measured TE in 1018 patients with NAFLD, HCV, and HBV (155 with NAFLD, 378 with HCV and 485 with HBV). Univariate and multivariate regression models were performed taking into account potential confounders. Liver stiffness was higher in males compared to females (p < 0.05). Patients with HBV had lower liver stiffness than those with HCV and NAFLD. After adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, M or XL probe, and disease state (NAFLD, HCV, and HBV status), those who drank 2 or more cups of coffee per day had a lower liver stiffness (p = 0.044). Tea consumption had no effect (p = 0.9). Coffee consumption decreases liver stiffness, which may indicate less fibrosis and inflammation, independent of disease state. This study adds further evidence to the notion of coffee maybe beneficial in patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hodge
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - Sarah Lim
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - Evan Goh
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - Ophelia Wong
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - Philip Marsh
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - Virginia Knight
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - William Sievert
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
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Mosca A, Della Corte C, Sartorelli MR, Ferretti F, Nicita F, Vania A, Nobili V. Beverage consumption and paediatric NAFLD. Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:581-588. [PMID: 27565159 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in children and adolescents, due to the increased worldwide incidence of obesity among children. It is now clear enough that of diet high in carbohydrates and simple sugars are associated with hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Several studies have shown that an increased consumption of simple sugars is also positively associated with overweight and obesity, and related co-morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and NAFLD. It is difficult to define the role of the various components of soft drinks and energy drinks in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and its progression in NASH, but the major role is played by high calorie and high sugar consumption, mainly fructose. In addition, other components of these beverages (e.g. xanthine) seem to have an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, crucial pathways involved in NAFLD/NASH. The drastic reduction in the consumption of energy drinks and soft drinks is an appropriate intervention for the prevention of obesity and NAFLD in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Mosca
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Neuropsychiatry, Centre of Paediatric Dietetics and Nutrition, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Della Corte
- Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Ferretti
- Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicita
- Child Neurology Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Vania
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Neuropsychiatry, Centre of Paediatric Dietetics and Nutrition, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Nobili
- Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Attia H, Al-Rasheed N, Mohamad R, Al-Rasheed N, Al-Amin M. The antifibrotic and fibrolytic properties of date fruit extract via modulation of genotoxicity, tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinases and nuclear factor- kappa B pathway in a rat model of hepatotoxicity. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:414. [PMID: 27776513 PMCID: PMC5078931 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis and its end point; cirrhosis, are the major cause of liver failure and death in patients with chronic liver disease. Therefore, the need for an effective treatment is evident. This study was designed to assess the potential effects of aqueous extract of date fruits, either flesh (DFE) or pits (DPE), on oxidative DNA damage and liver inflammation induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and whether they are related to inhibition of nuclear factor-κB pathway. In addition, the fibrolytic potential was evaluated via measuring matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases -1 and -2. METHODS Rats were divided into the following groups: normal control, model control (CCl4 only), CCl4 + DFE, CCl4 + DPE and CCl4 + coffee. Coffee was used as a positive control. Fibrosis was induced by chronic administration of CCl4 (0.4 ml/kg) 3× a week for 8 weeks, and rats were treated with 6 ml/kg/day of DFE or DPE for 8 weeks. Liver homogenate was prepared for evaluation of oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammatory and fibrolytic markers. Data are analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by a Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. RESULTS Both DFE and DPE significantly attenuated CCl4-induced oxidative damage as indicated by reducing lipid, protein and DNA oxidation in addition to increasing the levels of hepatic catalase activity. Both extracts blocked the accumulation of collagen I in the liver and ameliorated the increased expression of collagen III and α-smooth muscle actin suggesting suppression of profibrotic response induced by CCl4. DFE and DPE also upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and attenuated the nuclear factor-κB activation and cycloxygenase-2 expression reflecting their anti-inflammatory potential. Additionally, both flesh and pits extracts attenuated the increase in the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases -1 and -2 suggesting their fibrolytic activity. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that DFE or DPE can prevent liver fibrosis by suppressing genotoxicity and nuclear factor-κB inflammatory pathway and by promoting collagen degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nouf Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Raeesa Mohamad
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Sc Y, Muralidhara. Beneficial Role of Coffee and Caffeine in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Minireview. AIMS Public Health 2016; 3:407-422. [PMID: 29546172 PMCID: PMC5690364 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.2.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is among the most widespread and healthiest beverages in the world. Coffee typically contains more caffeine than most other beverages, and is widely and frequently consumed. Thus, it contributes significantly to the overall caffeine consumption within the general population, particularly in adults. Controversies regarding its benefits and risks still exist as reliable evidence is becoming available supporting its health-promoting potential. Several lines of evidence have highlighted the beneficial effects towards several disease conditions including Type II diabetes, hepatitis C virus, hepatocellular carcinoma, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The health-promoting properties of coffee are largely attributed to its rich phytochemistry, including caffeine, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and hydroxy hydroquinone. In this minireview, an attempt has been made to discuss the various evidences which are mainly derived from animal and cell models. Various mechanisms chiefly responsible for the beneficial effects of caffeine have also been briefly outlined. A short note on the undesirable effects of excessive coffee intakes is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenisetti Sc
- Drosophila Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Zoology, Nagaland University (Central), Lumami, 798627, Nagaland, India
| | - Muralidhara
- Drosophila Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Zoology, Nagaland University (Central), Lumami, 798627, Nagaland, India.,Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, CSIR-CFTRI , Mysore, 570020
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Abstract
NAFLD is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world with an estimated prevalence of 20-30 %. Lifestyle interventions targeted at weight loss through dietary interventions and exercise are the most effective treatment, but only a minority of patients are able to achieve and sustain the necessary intervention targets. Weight loss of 3-5 % has been associated with a reduction of hepatic steatosis while weight loss of ≥5-7 % has correlated with resolution of NASH in some studies. Greater reductions in weight loss (≥10 %) may improve hepatic fibrosis. In the absence of weight loss, no specific diet has demonstrated superiority. Physical activity can improve hepatic steatosis and metabolic indices even without weight loss. Diet coupled with exercise can produce significant weight loss and may improve histologic components of the NAFLD activity score. While formal guidelines for diet and exercise in NAFLD are lacking, adherence to diet and exercise recommendations similar to those from the American Diabetes Association for diabetic care seems reasonable. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E in non-diabetics with biopsy-proven NASH has been shown to improve NAFLD activity score. The role for other macronutrients, micronutrients, antioxidants, and probiotics in the treatment of NAFLD remains limited.
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Marventano S, Salomone F, Godos J, Pluchinotta F, Del Rio D, Mistretta A, Grosso G. Coffee and tea consumption in relation with non-alcoholic fatty liver and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:1269-1281. [PMID: 27060021 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Diet plays a role in the onset and progression of metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to systematically review and perform quantitative analyses of results from observational studies on coffee/tea consumption and NAFLD or MetS. METHODS A Medline and Embase search was performed to retrieve articles published up to March 2015. We used a combination of the keywords "coffee", "caffeine", "tea", "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease", "non-alcoholic steatohepatitis", "metabolic syndrome". Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by random-effects model. RESULTS Seven studies assessed coffee consumption in NAFLD patients. Fibrosis scores were reported in four out of seven; all four studies revealed an inverse association of coffee intake with fibrosis severity, although the lack of comparable exposure and outcomes did not allow to perform pooled analysis. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria to be included in the meta-analysis on coffee consumption and MetS. Individuals consuming higher quantities of coffee were less like to have MetS (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79-0.96). However, the association of coffee and individual components of MetS was not consistent across the studies. Pooled analysis of six studies exploring the association between tea consumption and MetS resulted in decreased odds of MetS for individuals consuming more tea (RR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.95). CONCLUSIONS Studies on coffee and NAFLD suggest that coffee consumption could have a protective role on fibrosis. Both coffee and tea consumption are associated with less likelihood of having MetS but further research with better designed studies is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marventano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federico Salomone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale di Acireale, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Justyna Godos
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food Science, The ψ2 Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Mistretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Integrated Cancer Registry (RTI) of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Abstract
Coffee is the most popular beverage in the world. Consumption of coffee has been shown to benefit health in general, and liver health in particular. This article reviews the effects of coffee intake on development and progression of liver disease due to various causes. We also describe the putative mechanisms by which coffee exerts the protective effect. The clinical evidence of benefit of coffee consumption in Hepatitis B and C, as well as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, has also been presented. Coffee consumption is associated with improvement in liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and GGTP), especially in individuals with risk for liver disease. Coffee intake more than 2 cups per day in patients with preexisting liver disease has been shown to be associated with lower incidence of fibrosis and cirrhosis, lower hepatocellular carcinoma rates, as well as decreased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav Wadhawan
- Fortis Escorts Liver and Digestive Diseases Institute, Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Manav Wadhawan, Senior Consultant, Fortis Escorts Liver and Digestive Diseases Institute, Delhi, India.Manav Wadhawan, Senior Consultant, Fortis Escorts Liver and Digestive Diseases InstituteDelhiIndia
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Trovato FM, Martines GF, Brischetto D, Catalano D, Musumeci G, Trovato GM. Fatty liver disease and lifestyle in youngsters: diet, food intake frequency, exercise, sleep shortage and fashion. Liver Int 2016; 36:427-33. [PMID: 26346413 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty liver is associated with alcohol habits and/or overweight/obesity. We challenged several lifestyle features associated with fatty liver and, particularly, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Among them, sleep shortage as a result of nightlife habits and a preference for plus-size fashion were assessed. The latter consists of fashionable plus-sized clothing for actual individuals' size and reflects a frequent attitude of some social or age groups, conceivably indicating more global and widespread trend and behaviour. METHODS We studied a group of 708 non-diabetic youngsters, 458 women and 250 men, 21.72 ± 3.71 years old (range 15-35 years), referred for minor digestive ailments for clinical assessment, ultrasound detection of fatty liver and nutritional counselling. Details of personal history regarding lifestyle, food intake frequency and alcohol intake, dietary and physical exercise profile, sleep duration and clothing preferences were recorded. RESULTS The prevalence of NAFLD in this cohort of youngsters is 67/708 (9.4%). Even if it is quantitatively very low in both groups, the average alcohol intake, always below 20 g/day, is greater in NAFLD subjects (5.83 ± 4.32 g) vs. subjects with normal liver (2.02 ± 3.20 g). The number of meals/day and adherence to a Mediterranean diet profile are smaller in NAFLD subjects. By multiple regression, BMI, sedentary life, plus-sized clothing for their actual size, sleep shortage and lower frequency of daily food intake are associated with the presence of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Onset and continuation of fatty liver disease, beyond food and exercise quantity and quality, with their effects on obesity, may also be associated with other aspects of lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Trovato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, The University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fabio Martines
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, The University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Brischetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, The University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, The University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Guglielmo M Trovato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, The University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Psoralea corylifolia L. Seed Extract Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2016; 8:83. [PMID: 26861390 PMCID: PMC4772046 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), along with obesity, is increasing world-wide and is one of the major causes of chronic hepatic disease. The present study evaluated the ameliorative effect of extract of Psoralea corylifolia L. seed (PCS) on high fat diet-induced NAFLD in C57BL/6 mice after daily administration at 300 or 500 mg/kg for 12 weeks. Treatment with PCS extract significantly reduced body weight and blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In addition, PCS extract treatment significantly attenuated lipid accumulation in liver and adipose tissue and reduced serum lipid and hepatic triglyceride levels. Furthermore, the expression of lipogenic genes and inflammatory genes were reduced, and the expression of fat oxidation-related genes was increased in the liver of PCS extract-treated mice compared with control mice. Our study suggests the therapeutic potential of PCS extract for NAFLD by inhibiting lipid accumulation and inflammation in liver.
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Shen H, Rodriguez AC, Shiani A, Lipka S, Shahzad G, Kumar A, Mustacchia P. Association between caffeine consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2016; 9:113-20. [PMID: 26770272 PMCID: PMC4699270 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x15593700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Caffeine consumption is reported to be associated with reduced hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between caffeine consumption and prevalence or hepatic fibrosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in observational studies. METHODS We searched the literature of all languages from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library from 1 January 1980 through 10 January 2015. Total caffeine consumption was defined as the daily intake of caffeine (mg/day) from all caffeine-containing products. Combined and subgroup analyses stratified by study designs, study locations, and type of caffeine intake were performed. RESULTS Four cross-sectional and two case control studies with a total of 20,064 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Among these, three studies with 18,990 subjects were included in the analysis for prevalence of NAFLD while the other three studies with 1074 subjects were for hepatic fibrosis. Total caffeine consumption (mg/day) was not significantly associated with either the prevalence [pooled mean difference (MD) 2.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) -35.92 to 40.64] or hepatic fibrosis (higher versus lower stages; pooled MD -39.95; 95% CI -132.72 to 52.82) of NAFLD. Subgroup analyses stratified by study designs and locations were also not significant. However, after stratifying by type of caffeine intake, regular coffee caffeine intake (mg/day) was significantly associated with reduced hepatic fibrosis of NAFLD (pooled MD -91.35; 95% CI -139.42 to -43.27; n = 2 studies). CONCLUSION Although total caffeine intake is not associated with the prevalence or hepatic fibrosis of NAFLD, regular coffee caffeine consumption may significantly reduce hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea C. Rodriguez
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ashok Shiani
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Seth Lipka
- Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ghulamullah Shahzad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Ambuj Kumar
- Evidence Based Medicine and Research Outcomes, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul Mustacchia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
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Graeter T, Niedermayer PC, Mason RA, Oeztuerk S, Haenle MM, Koenig W, Boehm BO, Kratzer W. Coffee consumption and NAFLD: a community based study on 1223 subjects. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:640. [PMID: 26530296 PMCID: PMC4632464 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Objective of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of caffeine consumption on fatty liver and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations in a random population sample. Methods
All subjects (n = 1452; 789 women, 663 men; average age 42.3 ± 12.8 years) underwent ultrasonographic examination of the liver and completed a standardized questionnaire regarding personal and lifestyle data, in particular relating to coffee consumption and past medical history. In addition, anthropometric data were documented and laboratory examinations performed. Statistical interpretation of the data was performed descriptively and by means of bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results
Data of the present study demonstrated a significant association between hepatic steatosis male gender (p < 0.0001), advanced age (p < 0.0001) and elevated body-mass index (BMI; p < 0.0001). No association between caffeine consumption and fatty liver was identified. An association between caffeine consumption and elevated serum ALT concentrations was not identified. Conclusions The findings of the present study provide no evidence for an association between caffeine consumption and either the prevalence of hepatic steatosis or serum ALT concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Graeter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Pia C Niedermayer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Richard A Mason
- Louis Stokes Clevel and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10700 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Suemeyra Oeztuerk
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Mark M Haenle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Otto Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany. .,LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Wolfgang Kratzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Abstract
Background Coffee consumption has been associated with reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) however, the mechanism for this association has yet to be elucidated. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterizes and predicts T2DM yet the relationship of coffee with this disorder remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the associations of coffee with markers of liver injury in 1005 multi-ethnic, non-diabetic adults in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Methods Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 114-item food frequency questionnaire. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and fetuin-A were determined in fasting blood samples and the validated NAFLD liver fat score was calculated. Multivariate linear regression assessed the contribution of coffee to variation in markers of liver injury. Results Caffeinated coffee showed significant inverse associations with ALT (β = −0.08, p = 0.0111), AST (β = −0.05, p = 0.0155) and NAFLD liver fat score (β = −0.05, p = 0.0293) but not with fetuin-A (β = 0.04, p = 0.17). When the highest alcohol consumers were excluded, these associations remained (ALT β = −0.11, p = 0.0037; AST β = −0.05, p = 0.0330; NAFLD liver fat score β = −0.06, p = 0.0298). With additional adjustment for insulin sensitivity, the relationship with ALT remained significant (ALT β = −0.08, p = 0.0400; AST β = −0.03, p = 0.20; NAFLD liver fat score β = −0.03, p = 0.27). There were no significant associations of decaffeinated coffee with liver markers. Conclusions These analyses indicate a beneficial impact of caffeinated coffee on liver morphology and/or function, and suggest that this relationship may mediate the well-established inverse association of coffee with risk of T2DM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12876-015-0321-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Aqueous Date Flesh or Pits Extract Attenuates Liver Fibrosis via Suppression of Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Reduction of Inflammatory Cytokines, Transforming Growth Factor- β 1 and Angiogenic Markers in Carbon Tetrachloride-Intoxicated Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:247357. [PMID: 25945106 PMCID: PMC4402562 DOI: 10.1155/2015/247357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous data indicated the protective effect of date fruit extract on oxidative damage in rat liver. However, the hepatoprotective effects via other mechanisms have not been investigated. This study was performed to evaluate the antifibrotic effect of date flesh extract (DFE) or date pits extract (DPE) via inactivation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), reducing the levels of inflammatory, fibrotic and angiogenic markers. Coffee was used as reference hepatoprotective agent. Liver fibrosis was induced by injection of CCl4 (0.4 mL/kg) three times weekly for 8 weeks. DFE, DPE (6 mL/kg), coffee (300 mg/kg), and combination of coffee + DFE and coffee + DPE were given to CCl4-intoxicated rats daily for 8 weeks. DFE, DPE, and their combination with coffee attenuated the elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. The increased levels of transforming growth factor-β1 and collagen deposition in injured liver were alleviated by both extracts. CCl4-induced expression of α-smooth muscle actin was suppressed indicating HSCs inactivation. Increased angiogenesis was ameliorated as revealed by reduced levels and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and CD31. We concluded that DFE or DPE could protect liver via different mechanisms. The combination of coffee with DFE or DPE may enhance its antifibrotic effects.
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Coffee consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver onset: a prospective study in the general population. Transl Res 2015; 165:428-36. [PMID: 25468486 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retrospective studies suggest that coffee consumption may exert beneficial effects in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver; however, prospective data supporting a protective role on liver steatosis development are lacking. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between coffee consumption and fatty liver onset in the general population. The analysis was performed both in a cross-sectional cohort (n = 347) and, prospectively, in a subcohort of patients without fatty liver at baseline and followed-up for 7 years (n = 147). Fatty liver was diagnosed with abdominal ultrasound and liver steatosis was quantified noninvasively by hepatorenal index (HRI) and SteatoTest, whereas FibroTest was used to assess fibrosis degree. A structured questionnaire on coffee consumption was administrated during a face-to-face interview. Neither the incidence nor the prevalence of fatty liver according to ultrasonography, SteatoTest, and the HRI was associated with coffee consumption. In the cross-sectional study, high coffee consumption was associated with a lower proportion of clinically significant fibrosis ≥ F2 (8.8% vs 16.3%; P = 0.038); consistently, in multivariate logistic regression analysis, high coffee consumption was associated with lower odds for significant fibrosis (odds ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.97; P = 0.041) and was the strongest predictor for significant fibrosis. No association was demonstrated between coffee consumption and the new onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver, but coffee intake may exert beneficial effects on fibrosis progression.
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Eslamparast T, Eghtesad S, Poustchi H, Hekmatdoost A. Recent advances in dietary supplementation, in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:204-212. [PMID: 25729475 PMCID: PMC4342602 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently known as the most common liver problem, characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which may progress to other liver diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic tissue fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. Since NAFLD is positively associated with the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and ultimately type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is often regarded as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. No pharmacologic treatment has yet been proven for this disease. For most patients with presumed or confirmed NAFLD, the only proven strategy is to offer lifestyle advice that can lead to sustained weight loss. Since insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and necro-apoptosis are involved in NAFLD pathogenesis, it seems that every potential therapeutic agent should target one or some of these pathologic events. There are many well known anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, and insulin sensitizer dietary supplements which have shown beneficial effects on NAFLD improvement in animal and human studies. The purpose of this review is to explore the existing evidences on dietary supplements considered to have hepatoprotective properties, and to present some proposed mechanisms by which they may protect against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Eslamparast
- Tannaz Eslamparast, Azita Hekmatdoost, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, 1981619573 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Eghtesad
- Tannaz Eslamparast, Azita Hekmatdoost, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, 1981619573 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Tannaz Eslamparast, Azita Hekmatdoost, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, 1981619573 Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Tannaz Eslamparast, Azita Hekmatdoost, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, 1981619573 Tehran, Iran
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