Stem cell applications for pathologies of the urinary bladder

Table 1 Examples of clinical studies of stem cell therapy used in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence showing a comparison of stem cell source, the duration of in vitro expansion and the follow up of patients post treatment

Origin of stem cells and duration of in vitro expansion	Number of women and route of injection	Follow up (yr)	Success rate (improvement and cure)	Ref.
Autologous muscle derived stem cells (SC), expanded 8-10 d	16 female patients, transurethral approach	2	Up to 75%	[76]
Muscle derived SC	222 male patients, transurethral injection	1	Up to 54%	[77]
Minced autologous muscle cells, no in vitro expansion	35 female patients	1	Up to 63%. Improvement (clinical, diary, and ICIQ-SF scores)	[78]
Muscle derived SC, expansion duration NA	8 female patients, transurethral injection	1	Significant improvement in 5 women (pad-weight, bladder diary and QOL assessment)	[79]
Muscle derived SC, expanded in vitro for 7 wk	20 female patients	2	Significant improvement (clinical, QOL and cystometry). Therapy based on this method is now licensed in Europe	[80]
ASCs combined with bovine collagen	5 female patients	1	2 out of 5 patients were satisfied with treatment with negative cough test	[81]
Autologous ASCs with and without fat	11 male patients with post-prostatectomy incontinence	1	60% improvement in urine leakage, frequency and amount of incontinence in 8 patients with one patient achieved total continence	[82]