Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Stem Cells. Jul 26, 2021; 13(7): 737-752
Published online Jul 26, 2021. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.737
Table 1 List of mitochondrial stress and mitochondrial unfolded protein response modulators in stem cells
Modulator
Functions
Ref.
ATF5A transcription factor that is highly expressed in undifferentiated neural progenitor cells/stem cells and in a variety of human cancers, including gliomas.[132]
HDAntimicrobial peptide.[14]
CHOPA transcription factor that is upregulated in response to ER stress and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, and results in impaired wound healing and reduced IEC proliferation.[133]
LONP1The mitochondrial matrix proteases.[134]
HSP60A mitochondrion-localized chaperone that is responsible for maintenance of the mitochondrial proteome and is upregulated as a part of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response.[135]
AKTA serine-threonine kinase that maintains stem cells by promoting viability and proliferation.[136]
CLPPA mitochondrial matrix protease and mitochondrion-localized chaperone that is responsible for maintenance of the mitochondrial proteome and is upregulated as a part of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response.[134,135]
SIRT3SIRT3 has been reported to be a tumor suppressor and mitochondrial stress stimulates SIRT3 activity, raising the possibility that SIRT3 plays a dual role in tumorigenesis.[16]
SIRT7The strongest deacetylase activity, found in the nucleus, which can result in increased mitochondrial stress and increased tendency to proliferate.[137]
JNKNew target protein in mitochondrial dependent apoptosis.[84]
HSP70Mitochondrial chaperone.[14]
HSP60Stem cells without HSP60 lose their ability to self-renew.[71]