Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Stem Cells. Dec 26, 2015; 7(11): 1262-1273
Published online Dec 26, 2015. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i11.1262
Induction of CXC chemokines in human mesenchymal stem cells by stimulation with secreted frizzled-related proteins through non-canonical Wnt signaling
David S Bischoff, Jian-Hua Zhu, Nalini S Makhijani, Dean T Yamaguchi
David S Bischoff, Jian-Hua Zhu, Nalini S Makhijani, Dean T Yamaguchi, Research Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 91343, United States
David S Bischoff, Dean T Yamaguchi, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States
Author contributions: Bischoff DS performed many of the experiments, designed some of the experiments, analyzed the data and contributed to writing the manuscript; Zhu JH performed the majority of the experiments; Makhijani NS maintained cell lines; Yamaguchi DT coordinated the research, designed some of the experiments, interpreted the data and contributed to writing the manuscript.
Supported by Merit Review Award from the United States, Department of Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Service of the VA Office of Research and Development, No. I01BX000170.
Institutional review board statement: Not applicable.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: Not applicable.
Conflict-of-interest statement: To the best of our knowledge, no conflict of interest exists. All authors are employees of the United States Federal Government and the work is part of their official duties.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dean T Yamaguchi, MD, PhD, Associate Chief of Staff, Research Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Building, Los Angeles, CA 91343, United States. dean.yamaguchi@va.gov
Telephone: +1-310-2683459 Fax: +1-310-2684856
Received: May 28, 2015
Peer-review started: June 1, 2015
First decision: September 17, 2015
Revised: October 23, 2015
Accepted: November 23, 2015
Article in press: November 25, 2015
Published online: December 26, 2015
Core Tip

Core tip: Chemokines have multiple functions during bone formation and fracture repair. The ELR+ chemokines classically have a role in blood vessel formation and were found to be stimulated by the non-canonical Wnt5a protein and also by soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) that are known inhibitors of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling. This stimulation was mediated via the p44/42 extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phospholipase C pathways signaling through the non-canonical frizzled receptors 2 and 5. This is a newly identified role for the sFRPs in stimulation of ELR+ chemokines which may be involved in blood vessel formation during wound repair.