MicroRNA-126-3p as a predictive biomarker for patients with primary biliary cholangitis refractory to ursodeoxycholic acid

Table 1 Biochemical characteristics of discovery cohort patients

Characteristic	Baseline			Post-therapy			Baseline vs post-therapy
	DR (n = 5)	DS (n = 5)	P value	DR (n = 5)	DS (n = 5)	P value	P value
Sex (female/male)	5/0	5/0	1	5/0	5/0	1	-
Age (year)	49.00 (5.39)	43.80 (10.45)	0.352	49.00 (5.39)	43.80 (10.45)	0.352	-
Biochemical indicators
ALT (U/L)	35.00 (21.00, 109.00)	34.00 (20.00, 74.50)	0.738	23.00 (21.50, 73.00)	23.00 (10.00, 47.50)	0.444	0.169
AST (U/L)	74.00 (64.00, 168.00)	80.00 (26.00, 159.50)	0.69	79.00 (66.00, 90.50)	24.00 (17.00, 50.50)	0.008	0.083
ALP (U/L)	377.00 (189.50, 727.00)	212.00 (158.50, 467.50)	0.421	381.00 (256.50, 519.50)	139.00 (75.50, 252.00)	0.032	0.074
GGT (U/L)	310.00 (121.50, 590.00)	238.00 (152.50, 502.00)	1	198.00 (82.50, 358.00)	41.00 (20.00, 205.50)	0.31	0.028
TBIL (μmol/L)	27.80 (24.40, 456.10)	19.00 (9.45, 34.65)	0.421	52.80 (26.25, 57.50)	11.00 (10.45, 12.55)	0.008	0.859
LDH (U/L)	287.00 (166.50, 434.50)	163.00 (131.00, 185.00)	0.095	238.00 (185.00, 387.50)	162.00 (126.50, 168.00)	0.016	0.093
IgG (U/L)	13.49 (11.37, 19.51)	14.83 (13.55, 15.76)	0.841	13.68 (13.43, 17.98)	13.69 (12.35, 16.93)	0.841	0.878
IgA (U/L)	2.20 (1.60, 2.62)	3.37 (2.09, 4.06)	0.151	2.53 (1.69, 3.24)	2.95 (2.03, 4.09)	0.579	0.374
IgM (U/L)	3.34 (2.17, 4.37)	2.38 (2.18, 4.48)	0.841	3.70 (2.36, 4.15)	1.81 (1.30, 2.37)	0.095	0.114
Autoantibody
AMA (+/-)	5/0	2/3	0.167	5/0	2/3	0.167	-
Gp210 (+/-)	3/2	5/0	0.444	3/2	5/0	0.444	-
Sp100 (+/-)	3/2	1/4	0.524	3/2	1/4	0.524	-

DR: Drug-resistant; DS: Drug-sensitive; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; IgA: Immunoglobulin A; IgM: Immunoglobulin M; AMA: Anti-mitochondrial antibody.

Table 2 Preliminary screening of differentially expressed microRNAs in the drug-sensitive and drug-resistant groups before ursodeoxycholic acid treatment

Groups	MiRNAs	MiR_sequencing		Log2FC	FC	P value	Expression level
Differential expression in DS group before and after treatment	Hsa-miR-126-3p	TCGTACCGTGAGTAATAATGC	Up	0.686818109	1.61	0.002	High
	Hsa-miR-223-3p	TGTCAGTTTGTCAAATACCCCAA	Up	0.36848971	1.29	0.008	High
	Hsa-miR-22-5p	AGTTCTTCAGTGGCAAGCTTTA	Up	0.348412695	1.27	0	Middle
	Hsa-miR-556-5p	GATGAGCTCATTGTAATATGA	Up	0.587162181	1.5	0.008	Middle
	Hsa-miR-130a-3p	CAGTGCAATGTTAAAAGGGCAT	Up	0.5645536	1.48	0.009	Middle
	Hsa-miR-10a-5p	TACCCTGTAGATCCGAATTTGT	Down	-0.50035024	0.71	0.001	Middle
	Hsa-miR-7706	TGAAGCGCCTGTGCTCTGCCGAG	Down	-1.27927924	0.41	0.007	Middle
Stable expression in DS group before and after treatment	Hsa-miR-219a-5p	TGATTGTCCAAACGCAATTCTCG	Up	2.968566339	7.83	0.003	Middle
	Hsa-miR-3909	TGTCCTCTAGGGCCTGCAGTCT	Down	-1.39892689	0.38	0.012	Middle
	Hsa-miR-6513-3p	TCAAGTGTCATCTGTCCCTAGA	Down	-0.95445711	0.52	0.035	Middle
	Hsa-miR-146b-3p	GCCCTGTGGACTCAGTTCTGGT	Down	-0.48419167	0.71	0.012	Middle

MiRNAs: MicroRNAs; FC: Fold change; DS: Drug-sensitive.