Dutt K, Vasudevan A, Hodge A, Nguyen TL, Srinivasan AR. Cardiometabolic diseases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: An evidence-based review. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(24): 107661 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i24.107661]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Ashish R Srinivasan, PhD, Associate Professor, FRACP, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Eastern Health, 8 Arnold Street, Box Hill 3128, Victoria, Australia. ashish.srinivasan1@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
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Fasting serum glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL (≥ 5.6 mmol/L); or medical therapy for hyperglycaemia
Fasting serum glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL (≥ 5.6 mmol/L); or medical therapy for hyperglycaemia
Dyslipidaemia-serum triglycerides
Serum triglyceride level ≥ 150 mg/dL (> 1.7 mmol/L); or medical therapy for dyslipidaemia
Triglyceride level ≥ 150 mg/dL (> 1.7 mmol/L); or medical therapy for dyslipidaemia
Dyslipidaemia-serum HDL-C
Serum HDL-C: < 40 mg/dL (< 1.03 mmol/L) in men; < 50 mg/dL (< 1.29 mmol/L) in women; or medical therapy for dyslipidaemia
Serum HDL-C: < 40 mg/dL (< 1.03 mmol/L) in men; < 50 mg/dL (< 1.29 mmol/L) in women; medical therapy for dyslipidaemia
Hypertension
Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg; or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg; or medical therapy for hypertension
Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg; or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg; or medical therapy for hypertension
Table 2 Observational studies examining prevalence of metabolic disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel disease[22,32-38,40,44,47,49,50,117,118,122,188,195,197,200-204]
Radiological or Histological evidence of hepatic steatosis
Cardiometabolic risks required
At least 1 of the following 3 criteria required: (1) Obesity: BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 in Caucasians; or BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 in Asians; (2) Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL (≥ 5.6 mmol/L), or on treatment for hyperglycaemia; and (3) Two or more of the following: Elevated waist circumference (Table 2); Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg; Diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg; Serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL (> 1.7 mmol/L); HDL-C < 40 mg/dL (< 1.03 mmol/L); hsCRP > 2 mg/L; Insulin resistance-HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5; or On treatments for diabetes
At least 1 of the following 5 criteria required: (1) Obesity defined by BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 in Caucasians; or BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 in Asians; or elevated waist circumference: > 94 cm (males), > 80 cm (females); (2) Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL (≥ 5.6 mmol/L), or glucose level post glucose tolerance test ≥ 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L), or HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (39 mmol/L) or on treatment for hyperglycaemia; (3) Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg, or on anti-hypertensive treatment; (4) Serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL (> 1.7 mmol/L) or on lipid lowering therapy; and (5) HDL-C < 40 mg/dL (< 1.03 mmol/L) in men of < 50 mg/dL (< 1.29 mmol/L) in women or on treatment for dyslipidaemia
Additional criteria
Other causes of hepatic steatosis excluded
Citation: Dutt K, Vasudevan A, Hodge A, Nguyen TL, Srinivasan AR. Cardiometabolic diseases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: An evidence-based review. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(24): 107661
