Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 28, 2021; 27(4): 321-335
Published online Jan 28, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i4.321
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
VariableCases
n
%
Gender
Male50961.0
Female32539.0
Age at diagnosis in yr
Median (interquartile range)60 (55-65)
Smoking history
No43452.0
Yes40048.0
Drinking history
No57468.8
Yes26031.2
Tumor length (cm)
Median (interquartile range)4.0 (3.0-5.0)
Tumor location
Upper14016.8
Middle54965.8
Lower14517.4
Differentiation
Well374.5
Moderate45955.0
Poor33840.5
Invasion depth
pT110812.9
pT224028.8
pT348658.3
Lymph node metastasis
pN049459.2
pN119022.8
pN212114.5
pN3293.5
TNM stage
I10012.0
II45454.4
III28033.6
Surgical approach
Left75690.6
Right789.4
Treatment type
Surgery65077.9
Surgery + adjuvant RT/CT18422.1
MVV
Median (interquartile range)85.1 (68.5-96.6)
HALP score
Median (interquartile range)43.2 (31.6-55.4)
Overall complications
No68381.9
Yes15118.1
Table 2 Association of maximal voluntary ventilation and hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocytes and platelets score with basic clinical factors, n (%)
VariableMVV
HALP score

≥ 85.2
< 85.2
P value
≥ 38.8
< 38.8
P value
Gender< 0.001< 0.001
Male 404 (97.1)105 (25.1)319 (66.2)190 (54.0)
Female12 (2.9)313 (74.9)163 (33.8)162 (46.0)
Age at diagnosis in yr< 0.0010.035
< 60250 (60.1)149 (35.6)246 (51.0)153 (43.5)
≥ 60166 (39.9)269 (64.4)236 (49.0)199 (56.5)
Smoking history< 0.0010.107
No108 (26.0)326 (78.0)239 (49.6)195 (55.4)
Yes308 (74.0)92 (22.0)243 (50.4)157 (44.6)
Drinking history< 0.0010.082
No209 (50.2)365 (87.3)320 (66.4)254 (72.2)
Yes207 (49.8)53 (12.7)162 (33.6)98 (27.8)
Tumor length in cm0.013 < 0.001
< 4175 (42.1)212 (50.7)249 (51.7)138 (39.2)
≥ 4241 (57.9)206 (49.3)233(48.3)214 (60.8)
Tumor location0.037 0.733
Upper75 (18.0)65 (15.5)85 (17.6)55 (15.6)
Middle257 (61.8)292(69.9)315 (65.4)234 (66.5)
Lower84 (20.2)61 (14.6)82 (17.0)63 (17.9)
Differentiation0.490 0.183
Well15 (3.6)22 (5.3)16 (3.3)21 (6.0)
Moderate229 (55.1)230 (55.0)267 (55.4)192 (54.5)
Poor172 (41.3)166 (39.7)199 (41.3)139 (39.5)
Invasion depth0.366 0.001
pT147 (11.3)61 (14.6)69 (14.3)39 (11.1)
pT2122 (29.3)118 (28.2)158 (32.8)82 (23.3)
pT3247 (59.4)239 (57.2)255 (52.9)231 (65.6)
Lymph node metastasis0.163 0.672
pN0242 (58.2)252 (60.3)290 (60.2)204 (57.9)
pN1107 (25.7)83 (19.8)112 (23.2)78 (22.2)
pN253 (12.7)68 (16.3)64 (13.3)57 (16.2)
pN314 (3.4)15 (3.6)16 (3.3)13 (3.7)
TNM stage0.541 0.084
I45 (10.8)55 (13.2)62 (12.9)38 (10.8)
II232 (55.8)222 (53.1)273 (56.6)181 (51.4)
III139 (33.4)141 (33.7)147 (30.5)133 (37.8)
Surgical approach0.478 0.718
Left374 (89.9)382 (91.4)435 (90.2)321 (91.2)
Right42 (10.1)36 (8.6)47 (9.8)31 (8.8)
Treatment type0.001 0.353
Surgery305 (73.3)345 (82.5)370 (76.8)280 (79.5)
Surgery + adjuvant RT/CT111 (26.7)73 (17.5)112 (23.2)72 (20.5)
Overall complications0.243 0.525
No334 (80.3)349 (83.5)391 (81.1)292 (83.0)
Yes82 (19.7)69 (16.5)91 (18.9)60 (17.0)
Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses for patients' overall survival with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
VariableUnivariate analysis
Multivariate analysis

HR (95%CI)
P value
HR (95%CI)
P value
Gender0.924
Female1
Male 0.991 (0.831-1.183)
Age at diagnosis in yr< 0.001< 0.001
< 6011
≥ 601.613 (1.355-1.920)1.388 (1.155-1.668)
Smoking history0.760
No1
Yes0.974 (0.821-1.155)
Drinking history0.293
No1
Yes0.905 (0.752-1.090)
Tumor length in cm< 0.0010.018
< 411
≥ 41.691 (1.419-2.016)1.259 (1.040-1.525)
Tumor location0.064
Upper1
Middle0.782 (0.623-0.982)
Lower0.733 (0.549-0.979)
Differentiation< 0.0010.308
Well11
Moderate1.308 (0.839-2.039)1.189 (0.759-1.865)
Poor1.829 (1.169-2.862)1.334 (0.841-2.118)
Invasion depth< 0.0010.001
pT111
pT22.100 (1.491-2.958)1.671 (1.173-2.379)
pT32.769 (2.007-3.819)1.926 (1.371-2.706)
Lymph node metastasis< 0.001< 0.001
pN011
pN11.803 (1.463-2.222)1.695 (1.362-2.109)
pN22.809 (2.224-3.549)2.281 (1.780-2.922)
pN33.857 (2.571-5.787)2.945 (1.926-4.504)
Surgical approach0.130
Left1
Right1.250 (0.936-1.669)
Treatment type0.512
Surgery1
Surgery + adjuvant RT/CT1.072 (0.871-1.319)
MVV< 0.001< 0.001
≥ 85.211
< 85.21.487 (1.252-1.767)1.451 (1.208-1.743)
HALP score< 0.001< 0.001
≥ 38.811
< 38.81.617 (1.361-1.922)1.537 (1.287-1.836)
Overall complications< 0.001< 0.001
No11
Yes1.456 (1.179-1.799)1.515 (1.218-1.884)