Feasibility and efficacy evaluation of metallic biliary stents eluting gemcitabine and cisplatin for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Table 1 Epithelial layer thickness and inflammation in the common bile duct after stent placement

	Thickness of the epithelial layer (μm)	Degree of inflammatory cell infiltration
		-	+	++	+++
Control (n = 3)	103 ± 24.1	1	2	0	0
PLCL-0 stent (n = 6)	209 ± 45.4a	0	5	1	0
PLCL-GEM stent (n=6)	259 ± 77.3a	0	4	2	0
PLCL-CIS stent (n=6)	255 ± 64.2a	0	3	3	0
PLCL-GC stent (n=6)	287 ± 81.8a	0	3	3	0
P value		0.157

None (-), mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++).

^aP < 0.05 vs control. CBD: Common bile duct; CIS: Cisplatin; GEM: Gemcitabine; PLCL: Poly- L-lactide-caprolactone; PLCL-0: Non-drug-loaded PLCL nanofilm; PLCL-CIS: PLCL nanofilm loaded with CIS; PLCL-GEM: PLCL nanofilm loaded with GEM; PLCL-GC: PLCL nanofilm loaded with both GEM and CIS.