Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 14, 2020; 26(22): 3098-3109
Published online Jun 14, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i22.3098
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population
IL10RACDHCP value1
Number of samples171726
Demographics
Age (mean ± SD, yr)1.00 ± 0.688.92 ± 4.801.61 ± 1.71< 0.001
Sex (M/F)10/711/617/90.724
Weight and BMI
Weight (mean ± SD, kg)7.31 ± 2.5827.18 ± 13.04NA< 0.001
BMI (mean ± SD)14.53 ± 2.2015.25 ± 2.44NA0.6175
Disease activity
CRP (mean ± SD, mg/L)40.65 ± 28.1334.06 ± 31.92NA0.4486
wPCDAI (mean ± SD)52.21 ± 17.6540.88 ± 20.02NA0.1253
SES-CD (mean ± SD)20.56 ± 7.5612.94 ± 8.60NA0.0158
MINI index (mean ± SD)19.88 ± 4.9616.47 ± 2.92NA0.0027
Disease duration and anemia
Disease duration (mean ± SD, mo)9.93 ± 7.757.10 ± 9.30NA0.0706
Disease location
Ileum only (%)0 (0)3 (18)NA< 0.001
Colon only (%)17 (100)3 (18)NA
Both (%)0 (0)11 (64)NA
Disease behaviour
Montreal classification B1 (%)11 (65)15 (88)NA0.106
Montreal classification B2 (%)5 (29)2 (12)NA0.203
Montreal classification B3 (%)4 (24)0 (0)NA0.033
Montreal classification P (%)16 (94)4 (24)NA< 0.001
Serology
IL6 (mean ± SD, pg/mL)122.47 ± 152.2237.50 ± 25.08NA0.0211
Birth and breast feeding
Cesarian section (%)11 (65)8 (47)NA0.300
Breast feeding (%)14 (82)13 (76)NA0.671
IBD medication
Mesalazine (%)11 (65)11 (65)NA1.000
Steroids (%)1 (6)2 (12)NA0.542
Thalidomide (%)4 (24)0 (0)NA0.014
Other medication
Antibiotics (%)13 (76)13 (76)NA1.000
Proton pump inhibitors (%)1 (6)9 (53)NA0.001
Marzulene-S (%)1 (6)1 (6)NA1.000
Self-reported diets
Amino acid formula (%)2 (12)0 (0)NA0.089
Extensive hydrolyzed formula (%)3 (18)1 (6)NA0.277
Other diet (%)12 (71)10 (59)NA0.473
Table 2 Variants/mutations in Crohn's disease candidate genes and the alteration of intestinal microbiome
Ref.GeneHuman/animalMajor findings
[6,19]IL10Il10-/- miceDecrease in diversity and richness
Proteobacteria and Escherichia coli (during onset of inflammation)
Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes
Current studyIL10RAHuman cohortDecrease in diversity and increase in variability
Firmicutes, Enterococcaceae, Enterococcus, Lactobacillales, Bacilli, and Micrococcales
Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, Veillonellaceae, Clostridiales, Clostridia, Selenomonadales, and Negativicutes
[4,7,20]NOD2Human cohortRoseburia, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides and Bacteroidia
Eubacteriaceae and Enterobacteriaceae
[21]NOD2Nod2-/- miceDecrease in diversity and richness
Bacteroides, Bacteroidaceae, and B.acidifaciens
Proteobacteria, Helicobacter hepaticus, and Desulfovibro spp
[22]ATG16L1Human cohortFusobacteriaceae
[4]CARD9Human cohortFirmicutes
[23]CARD9Card9-/- miceDecreased stability
Adlercreutzia, Actinobacteria, and Lactobacillus reuteri
Table 3 Correlation of dysbiosis index with clinical variables
VariableCombined, r1 (P value)IL10RA, r (P value)CD, r (P value)
wPCDAI0.52 (0.002)0.51 (0.040)0.54 (0.027)
SES-CD0.48 (0.005)0.51 (0.044)0.35 (0.174)
MINI index0.26 (0.131)0.32 (0.213)0.17 (0.510)
CRP, mg/L0.11 (0.532)0.16 (0.526)0.18 (0.493)
IL6, pg/mL0.17 (0.346)0.22 (0.417)0.01 (0.961)
Hb, g/L-0.54 (0.0009)-0.56 (0.022)-0.51 (0.037)
Disease duration (mo)-0.35 (0.045)-0.50 (0.043)-0.40 (0.109)