Comprehensive lifestyle intervention vs soy protein-based meal regimen in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

	Group				P value
	Meal replacement		Lifestyle change
	Median	IQR	Median	IQR
Sex (m/f)	8/3		5/6
Age (yr)	57.0	8.0	54.0	14.0	0.27
Height (m)	1.80	0.1	1.74	0.2	0.44
Weight (kg)	101.1	30.5	99.5	11.1	0.37
BMI (kg/m2)	32.2	3.4	32.4	3.7	0.65
Waist circumference (cm)	115.0	18.0	109.0	12.0	0.17
AST (U/L)	42.0	20.0	37.0	18.0	0.33
ALT (U/L)	64.0	16.0	61.0	60.0	0.80
Glucose (mg/dL)	96.0	25.0	106.0	39.0	0.85
HbA1c (%)	5.7	1.0	5.8	1.0	0.80
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.9	0.1	0.9	0.3	0.76
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	217.0	77.0	212.0	46.0	1.00
HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)	48.7	11.5	49.2	24.0	0.61
LDL_Cholesterol (mg/dL)	142.7	53.8	135.2	38.0	0.70
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	134.0	132.0	122.0	123.0	0.33
Adiponectin (µg/mL)	3.4	4.4	4.2	3.8	0.90
Leptin (ng/mL)	8.0	8.3	15.2	17.1	0.44
Vaspin (mg/mL)	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.07
Fetuin A (g/L)	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.95
Resistin (ng/mL)	4.4	2.6	4.0	2.6	0.37
Max. Performance (Watt/kg)	175.0	75.0	150.0	100.0	0.61
Fat mass (kg)	40.4	12.3	44.2	15.7	0.61
Lean body mass (kg)	59.6	12.3	55.8	15.7	0.61
MRI subcutaneous fat (kg)	9.2	4.4	9.5	4.1	0.70
MRI internal fat (kg)	6.9	3.8	5.5	1.6	0.12
MRI total fat (kg)	16.4	5.4	14.8	4.4	0.65
Intrahepatic lipid content	16.9	17.8	18.0	13.5	1.00
Saturated lipid component	15.5	8.5	15.0	5.1	0.78
Total unsaturated lipid comp.	4.7	3.8	2.8	1.5	0.16
Fraction unsaturated lipids	0.6	0.3	0.6	0.3	0.24
Mean chain length	30.8	6.5	27.0	5.8	0.11

Table 2 Comparison of changes in parameters

Change in	Group				P between groups
	Meal replacement		Lifestyle change
	Median	IQR	Median	IQR
Weight (kg)	-6.4	3.6	-9.1b	10.4	0.48
BMI (kg/m2)	-2.3b	1.5	-3.0b	3.4	0.48
Waist circumference (cm)	-4.0b	5.0	-7.0b	10.5	0.65
AST (U/L)	-4.0a	14.0	-15.0a	14.0	0.30
ALT (U/L)	-8.0b	22.0	-18.0b	35.0	0.19
Glucose (mg/dL)	-10.0	20.0	-20.0a	31.0	0.70
HbA1c (%)	-0.1	0.4	-0.3a	0.3	0.65
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.56
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	-8.0	29.0	-3.0	44.5	0.99
HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)	2.9	10.1	1.4	11.1	0.40
LDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)	3.9	22.1	6.8	29.0	0.61
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	-43.0a	137.0	-9.0	74.5	0.65
Adiponectin (µg/mL)	0.3a	1.1	0.1	2.9	0.48
Leptin (ng/mL)	-2.4a	3.5	-12.8a	15.1	0.27
Vaspin (mg/mL)	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.70
Fetuin A (g/L)	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.85
Resistin (ng/mL)	-0.1	2.0	0.2	1.3	0.95
Max. Performance (Watt/kg)	0.0	29.8	6.3a	21.9	0.03
Fat mass (kg)	-6.0b	4.2	-9.3b	11.1	0.30
Lean body mass (kg)	0.0	1.7	-0.7	2.0	0.95
MRI subcutaneous fat (kg)	-1.1a	0.9	-2.0b	3.1	0.06
MRI internal fat (kg)	-0.5	0.9	-0.9b	1.1	0.09
MRI total fat (kg)	-1.6	2.2	-3.0b	4.2	0.06
Intrahepatic lipid content	-10.3b	8.4	-11.8a	15.4	0.20
Saturated lipid component	-5.1	7.0	-2.0a	4.1	0.92
Total unsaturated lipid comp.	-2.0b	1.0	0.2	4.9	0.05
Fraction unsaturated lipids	-0.1	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.61
Mean chain length	-8.0a	6.2	-1.4	10.0	0.03

^aP < 0.05 or

^bP < 0.01 for changes within the group.