Blood parameters score predicts long-term outcomes in stage II-III gastric cancer patients

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of patients according to the blood parameters score in the developing and validation cohorts

Variable	Developing cohort (n = 567)				Validation cohort (n = 283)
	Total	Low-BPM (%)	High-BPM (%)	P value	Total	Low-BPM (%)	High-BPM (%)	P value
Age (yr, mean ± SD)		58.8 (± 11.3)	64.6 (± 10.1)	< 0.001		59.5 (± 11.5)	65.5 (± 9.5)	< 0.001
Sex				0.409				0.193
Male	430	218 (74.4)	212 (77.4)		226	113 (76.9)	113 (83.1)
Female	137	75 (25.6)	62 (22.6)		57	34 (23.1)	23 (16.9)
Body mass index (mean ± SD)		22.3 (± 2.8)	21.8 (± 3.0)	0.038		22.1 (± 2.6)	21.7 (± 3.1)	0.285
Tumor stage				< 0.001				0.004
II a	86	58 (19.8)	79 (28.8)		61	39 (26.5)	22 (16.2)
II b	93	42 (14.3)	51 (18.6)		45	25 (17.0)	20 (14.7)
III a	142	89 (30.4)	53 (19.3)		63	33 (22.4)	30 (22.1)
III b	148	71 (24.2)	77 (28.1)		66	33 (22.4)	30 (22.1)
III c	98	33 (11.3)	65 (23.7)		48	17(11.6)	31 (22.8)
Tumor location				0.363				0.553
Lower	222	121 (41.3)	101 (36.9)		109	62 (42.2)	47 (34.6)
Middle	112	50 (17.1)	62 (22.6)		50	26 (17.7)	24 (17.6)
Upper	156	80 (27.3)	76 (27.7)		74	36 (24.5)	38 (27.9)
Mixed	77	42 (14.3)	35 (12.8)		50	23 (15.6)	27 (19.9)
Tumor size (mm, mean ± SD)		45.9 (± 22.3)	56.7 (± 26.6)	< 0.001		47.2 (± 22.9)	54.2 (24.8)	0.014
Histologic type				0.902				0.613
Differentiated	92	47 (16.0)	45 (16.4)		52	25 (17.0)	27 (19.9)
Undifferentiated	475	246 (84.0)	229 (83.6)		231	122 (83.0)	109 (80.1)
Lymphovascular invasion				0.662				0.910
No	394	206 (70.3)	188 (68.6)		178	159 (65.4)	33 (53.2)
Yes	173	87 (29.7)	86 (31.4)		113	84 (34.6)	29 (46.8)
Adjuvant chemotherapy				0.346				0.355
No	137	66 (22.5)	71 (25.9)		68	32 (21.8)	36 (26.5)
Yes	430	227 (77.5)	203 (74.1)		215	115 (78.2)	100 (73.5)

SD: Standard deviation; BPM: Blood parameters.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival in the developing and validation cohorts

Variables	Developing cohort (n = 567)				Validation cohort (n = 283)
	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age (yr)		0.005		0.144		0.001		0.008
< 60	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
≥ 60	1.432 (1.115-1.838)		1.215 (0.936-1.579)		1.758 (1.262-2.449)		1.617 (1.132-2.311)
Gender		0.502				0.900
Male	Reference		Not included		Reference		Not included
Female	1.098 (0.835-1.444)				0.974 (0.644-1.473)
Body mass index		0.058				0.025		0.241
< 18.5	Reference		Not included		Reference		Reference
18.5-23.9	0.734 (0.509-1.060)				0.551 (0.325-0.934)		0.720 (0.415-1.247)
> 23.9	0.597 (0.390-0.913)				0.413 (0.217-0.788)		0.645 (0.328-1.270)
BPM score		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.004
Low	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
High	2.429 (1.893-3.117)		1.993 (1.534-2.589)		2.363 (1.677-3.330)		1.717 (1.913-2.470)
Tumor stage		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
IIa	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
IIb	1.422 (0.772-2.621)		1.220 (0.659-2.260)		0.942 (0.453-1.957)		0.778 (0.373-1.624)
IIIa	2.007 (1.161-3.471)		1.988 (1.143-3.458)		1.725 (0.953-3.121)		1.609 (0.876-2.956)
IIIb	4.776 (2.851-8.000)		3.977 (2.348-6.737)		3.526 (2.030-6.125)		3.116 (1.749-5.553)
IIIc	7.713 (4.550-13.074)		5.709 (3.299-9.882)		6.234 (3.535-10.993)		4.251 (2.294-7.878)
Tumor size		< 0.001		0.034		0.004		0.638
≤40 mm	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
>40 mm	1.987 (1.542-2.560)		1.332 (1.022-1.735)		1.647 (1.176-2.308)		0.913 (0.624-1.336)
Tumor location		0.002		0.596		0.001		0.043
Lower	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Middle	1.307 (0.935-1.827)		1.103 (0.786-1.547)		1.319 (0.795-2.189)		1.313 (0.776-2.221)
Upper	1.209 (0.888-1.647)		1.125 (0.822-1.539)		1.710 (1.117-2.618)		1.819 (1.518-2.857)
Mixed	1.963 (1.396-2.762)		1.279 (0.896-1.825)		2.448 (1.554-3.857)		1.805 (1.052-3.096)
Histologic type		0.344				0.871
Differentiated	Reference		Not included		Reference		Not included
Undifferentiated	1.176 (0.841-1.646)				0.966 (0.635-1.469)
Lymphovascular invasion		0.006		0.832		0.102
No	Reference		Reference		Reference		Not included
Yes	1.422 (1.108-1.825)		1.029 (0.793-1.334)		1.324 (0.945-1.854)
Adjuvant chemotherapy		< 0.001		0.003		0.001		0.022
No	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Yes	0.626 (0.481-0.814)		0.664 (0.508-0.868)		0.551 (0.385-0.787)		0.650 (0.450-0.939)

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BPM: Blood parameters.