Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 14, 2019; 25(34): 5105-5119
Published online Sep 14, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i34.5105
Table 1 Primers used for RT-qPCR
GeneForwardReverse
ZO-15’- CTGATGGTGTTCTGCCAAATTC – 3’5' - GTCGCAAACCCACACTATCT - 3'
Occludin5’- CCATCTGACTATGCGGAAAGAG – 3’5' - TACCAGAGGCGGTGACTTAT - 3'
β-actin5’ - ACCGTGAAAAGATGACCCAGAT – 3’5' - CCAGAGGCATACAGGGACAA - 3'
Table 2 Liver coefficient (mean ± SD)
GroupnLiver weight (g)Body weight (g)Liver coefficient (%)
Control811.56 ± 2.42540.43 ± 90.112.13 ± 0.11
Model815.35 ± 2.08451.09 ± 43.893.41 ± 0.43b
PH810.81 ± 1.00456.48 ± 42.412.37 ± 0.08d
CHM813.21 ± 2.18437.81 ± 47.933.01 ± 0.21bdf
Table 3 Hepatocyte lipid droplet cavity area ratio (mean ± SD)
GroupnArea ratio (%)
Control50.00 ± 0.00
Model572.15 ± 1.72
PH531.01 ± 7.53a
CHM548.69 ± 5.85a
Table 4 Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on blood lipid levels (mean ± SD, n = 8)
GroupTG (mmol/L)TC (mmol/L)LDL (mmol/L)HDL (mmol/L)
Control0.48 ± 0.201.67 ± 0.260.24 ± 0.080.95 ± 0.10
Model0.83 ± 0.12b3.05 ± 0.67b1.38 ± 0.33b0.54 ± 0.05b
PH0.50 ± 0.08d1.69 ± 0.29d0.76 ± 0.28bd0.61 ± 0.05bc
CHM0.53 ± 0.12d2.04 ± 0.37d0.84 ± 0.16bd0.72 ± 0.05bdf
Table 5 Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on triglyceride levels in liver tissue (mean ± SD)
GroupnTG (mmol/L)
Control81.37 ± 0.67
Model84.81 ± 0.72b
PH83.41 ± 0.43bd
CHM83.41 ± 0.66bd
Table 6 Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on blood glucose levels (mean ± SD)
GroupnBlood sugar (mmol/L)
Control84.09 ± 0.26
Model84.90 ± 0.33b
PH84.11 ± 0.20d
CHM84.28 ± 0.21d
Table 7 Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on serum liver function markers (mean ± SD)
GroupnAST (U/L)ALT (U/L)
Control8118.73 ± 13.7139.91 ± 6.50
Model8238.13 ± 39.38b59.28 ± 9.69b
PH8137.94 ± 5.83d48.84 ± 8.28ac
CHM8148.19 ± 20.59ad49.36 ± 5.13ac
Table 8 Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on liver tissue TNF-α, TGF-β1, NF-kB, and TLR4 levels (mean ± SD)
GroupnTNF-α (ng/mg)TGF-β1 (ng/mg)NF-kB (ng/mg)TLR4 (ng/mg)
Control85.35 ± 0.802.21 ± 0.4310.87 ± 2.4521.32 ± 1.87
Model87.22 ± 0.81b3.01 ± 0.22b15.85 ± 2.50b30.28 ± 4.38b
PH85.48 ± 0.38d2.24 ± 0.26d12.15 ± 3.13c22.56 ± 3.02d
CHM86.01 ± 0.97d2.29 ± 0.40d12.57 ± 3.3023.88 ± 3.21d
Table 9 Intestinal sIgA levels (mean ± SD)
GroupnsIgA (μg/mg)
Control819.80 ± 2.25
Model811.39 ± 1.81b
PH817.06 ± 2.92ad
CHM812.78 ± 2.36bf
Table 10 Occludin and zonula occludens-1 protein levels (mean ± SD)
GroupnOccludinZO-1
Control71.12 ± 0.061.41 ± 0.03
Model70.66 ± 0.07b0.82 ± 0.09b
PH71.04 ± 0.09d1.32 ± 0.04d
CHM70.68 ± 0.05bf0.84 ± 0.12bf
Table 11 Occludin and zonula occludens-1 mRNA expression levels (mean ± SD)
GroupnOccludin mRNAZO-1 mRNA
Control61.40 ± 0.191.31 ± 0.29
Model60.60 ± 0.16b0.60 ± 0.11b
PH61.15 ± 0.24ad1.15 ± 0.23d
CHM60.70 ± 0.13bf0.79 ± 0.31be
Table 12 Levels of plasma endotoxin (mean ± SD)
GroupnEndotoxin (%)
Control80.028 ± 0.013
Model80.160 ± 0.057b
PH80.045 ± 0.012d
CHM80.056 ± 0.018d