Favorable clinical outcome of nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis patients with coronary artery disease: A population-based study

Table 1 Characteristics of non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis cohort and the matched control cohort n (%)

Variable	Non-alcoholic LC patients, n = 3236	Control, n = 16180	P value
Sex			1.000
Male	2083 (64.4)	10415 (64.4)
Female	1153 (35.6)	5765 (35.6)
Age (yr)			1.000
40-49	565 (17.5)	2825 (17.5)
50-59	885 (27.3)	4425 (27.3)
60-69	766 (23.7)	3830 (23.7)
> 69	1020 (31.5)	5100 (31.5)
Residence			1.000
Metropolis	1834 (56.7)	9170 (56.7)
General area	1362 (42.1)	6810 (42.1)
Remote areas	40 (1.2)	200 (1.2)
Coronary artery disease	165 (5.1)	2814 (17.4)	< 0.001
Cerebrovascular disease	413 (12.8)	1580 (9.8)	< 0.001
Hemorrhage	110 (3.4)	283 (1.7)	< 0.001
Ischemia	333 (10.3)	1413 (8.7)	0.005
Hypertension	1620 (50.1)	6672 (41.2)	< 0.001
Heart failure	252 (7.8)	972 (6.0)	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	1075 (33.2)	3141 (19.4)	< 0.001
Chronic kidney disease	616 (19.0)	1216 (7.5)	< 0.001
Hyperlipidemia	668 (20.6)	3903 (24.1)	< 0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	534 (16.5)	1976 (12.2)	< 0.001

LC: Liver cirrhosis.

Table 2 Characteristics of non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients with and without coronary artery disease n (%)

Variable	Non-alcoholic LC with CAD, n = 170	Non-alcoholic LC without CAD, n = 3239	P value
Sex			0.094
Male	99 (58.2)	2091 (64.6)
Female	71 (41.8)	1148 (35.4)
Age (yr)			< 0.001
40-49	18 (10.6)	554 (17.1)
50-59	25 (14.7)	877 (27.1)
60-69	46 (27.1)	751 (23.2)
> 69	81 (47.6)	1057 (32.6)
Residence			0.484
Metropolis	89 (52.4)	1830 (56.5)
General area	79 (46.5)	1358 (41.9)
Remote areas	2 (1.2)	51 (1.6)
Cerebrovascular disease	46 (27.1)	400 (12.3)	< 0.001
Hemorrhage	9 (5.2)	103 (3.2)	0.132
Ischemia	37 (21.8)	327 (10.1)	< 0.001
Hypertension	139 (81.8)	1594 (49.2)	< 0.001
Heart failure	54 (31.8)	215 (6.6)	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	84 (49.4)	1051 (32.4)	< 0.001
Chronic renal failure	68 (40.0)	587 (18.1)	< 0.001
Hyperlipidemia	54 (31.8)	656 (20.3)	< 0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	49 (28.8)	521 (16.1)	< 0.001

LC: Liver cirrhosis; CAD: Coronary artery disease.

Table 3 Hazard ratios of mortality in non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients with comorbidities using Cox regression model

Variable	Unadjusted hazard ratio			Adjusted hazard ratio1
	Risk ratio	95%CI	P value	Risk ratio	95%CI	P value
Sex
Male	1.20	1.07-1.35	0.002	1.34	1.19-1.51	< 0.001
Female (reference)
Age (yr)
40-49 (reference)
50-59	1.04	0.85-1.27	0.688	1.08	0.89-1.32	0.446
60-69	1.29	1.06-1.57	0.013	1.40	1.14-1.72	< 0.001
> 69	2.51	2.10-3.00	< 0.001	2.73	2.25-3.30	< 0.001
Coronary artery disease
No (reference)
Yes	0.71	0.55-0.93	0.012	0.56	0.43-0.74	< 0.001
Cerebrovascular disease
No (reference)
Yes	1.25	1.08-1.45	0.004	1.08	0.93-1.27	0.323
Hypertension
No (reference)
Yes	0.98	0.88-1.09	0.709	0.75	0.66-0.85	< 0.001
Heart failure
No (reference)
Yes	1.50	1.26-1.78	< 0.001	1.23	1.02-1.48	0.027
Diabetes mellitus
No (reference)
Yes	1.03	0.92-1.16	0.609	1.12	0.99-1.26	0.082
Chronic kidney disease
No (reference)
Yes	1.89	1.67-2.13	< 0.001	1.76	1.55-2.00	< 0.001
Hyperlipidemia
No (reference)
Yes	0.51	0.44-0.60	< 0.001	0.52	0.44-0.62	< 0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No (reference)
Yes	1.30	1.13-1.48	< 0.001	0.99	0.858-1.141	0.888

¹Adjustments were made for sex, age, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, hyperlipidemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.