Helicobacter pylori and corpus gastric pathology are associated with lower serum ghrelin

Table 1 Nutrient intake according to Helicobacter pylori infection

Nutrient	Helicobacter pylori negative		Helicobacter pylori positive		P value
	Median	IQR	Median	IQR
Energy (kcal/d)	1627.6	1187.4-2063.0	1748.4	1089.4-2308.8	0.65
Carbohydrate (g/d)	196.4	151.9-251.1	202.5	135.9-311.7	0.42
Protein (g/d)	72.7	47.6-88.5	68.8	42.7-104.6	0.91
Fat (g/d)	59.8	37.8-78.5	60.0	34.0-81.1	0.94

IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 2 Anthropometric measurements and hormonal serum concentrations according to Helicobacter pylori status

Variable	Helicobacter pylori negative	Helicobacter pylori positive	P value
Weight (kg)1	66.43 (14.15)	69.52 (12.71)	0.08
Height (m)1	1.61 (0.09)	1.61 (0.08)	0.93
BMI (kg/m2)1	25.78 (5.13)	26.93 (4.26)	0.09
Waist Circunference (cm)1	83.78 (11.89)	87.04 (11.09)	0.08
Ghrelin (pg/mL)2	355.0 (253.8-547.8)	311.0 (230.0-385.5)	0.025a
Leptin (ng/mL)2	1.84 (0.50-5.09)	1.84 (0.80-4.85)	0.87

¹mean (SD);

²median (IQR);

^aP < 0.05, statistically significant (Mann-Whitney test).

Table 3 Type of gastric pathology in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative patients

Type of gastric pathology	Helicobacter pylori positive (%)	Helicobacter pylori negative (%)	P value
Antrum	n = 82	n = 70
Normal	0.0	78.6
Chronic inactive gastritis	4.9	12.8	< 0.0001a
Chronic active gastritis	78.0	5.7
Atrophy or intestinal metaplasia	17.1	2.9
Corpus	n = 77	n = 58
Normal	2.6	77.6
Chronic inactive gastritis	9.1	8.6	< 0.0001a
Chronic active gastritis	84.4	6.9
Atrophy or intestinal metaplasia	3.9	6.9

^aP < 0.05, statistically significant (Chi-squared test).

Table 4 Serum ghrelin levels according to gastric pathology independently of Helicobacter pylori status

Type of gastric pathology	Ghrelin levels (pg/mL)1				P value
	Normal	Chronic inactive gastritis	Chronic active gastritis	Atrophy/intestinal metaplasia
Antrum	365.5 (256.0-594.0)	334.5 (223.3-368.0)	306.8 (255.3-389.6)	294.0 (182.8-441.1)	0.08
Corpus	334.5 (242.0-549.0)	323.8 (238.5-371.0)	305.0 (234.0-395.5)	161.0 (150.0-289.0)	< 0.04a

¹median (IQR);

^aStatistically significant (Kruskal Wallis test).

Table 5 Serum ghrelin according to cagA genotype of Helicobacter pylori infected patients

Gastric location	Ghrelin levels (pg/mL)1		P value
	cagA positive	cagA negative
Antrum	306.50 (191.00-385.50)	325.50 (258.00-382.00)	0.50
Corpus	311.00 (197.00-395.50)	327.25 (267.00-380.75)	0.49

¹median (IQR).