Second-line bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication and impact of diabetes

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients n (%)

Variable	Patients (n = 6361)
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	54.6 ± 11.6
Gender
Male	354 (55.7)
Female	282 (44.3)
Residence
Rural	126 (19.8)
Urban	510 (80.2)
Cigarette smoking	174/605 (28.8)
Alcohol intake	279/605 (46.1)
Diabetes mellitus	61/605 (10.1)
Hypertension	121/605 (20.0)
Endoscopic findings
Gastric ulcer	205 (32.2)
Duodenal ulcer	193 (30.3)
Gastric ulcer + Duodenal ulcer	40 (6.3)
Post ESD due to adenoma or EGC	91 (14.3)
Nodular gastritis	29 (4.6)
Others2	78 (12.2)

¹Total number of enrolled patients; missing values are not included. The number behind the dash is the total number of subjects who answered each question.

²Others include MALT lymphoma, dyspepsia, gastric polyp and intestinal metaplasia. ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; EGC: Early gastric cancer; MALT lymphoma: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

Table 2 Adverse effects after bismuth-based quadruple therapy n (%)

	Patients (n = 495)
Side effect	74 (14.9)
Diarrhea	16 (3.2)
Bloating or abdominal pain	22 (4.4)
Nausea or vomiting	26 (5.3)
Others1	10 (2.0)

¹Others include myalgia, headache and bitter sensation in the mouth.

Table 3 Related factors about eradication failure of bismuth-based quadruple therapy n (%)

Variable	Eradication Success (n = 4681)	Eradication Failure (n = 271)	P valuea	P valuec	Adjusted OR (95%CI)c
Age (yr)
< 50	124 (95.4)	6 (4.6)
≥ 50	344 (94.2)	21 (5.8)	0.822	0.752	1.17 (0.44-3.09)
Gender
Male	248 (93.2)	18 (6.8)
Female	220 (96.1)	9 (3.9)	0.233	0.240	0.57 (0.22-1.46)
Residence
Rural	90 (94.7)	5 (5.3)
Urban	378 (94.5)	22 (5.5)	1.000	0.783	1.16 (0.41-3.24)
Cigarette smoking
No	341 (95.0)	18 (5.0)
Yes	111 (92.5)	9 (7.5)	0.359	0.435	1.48 (0.56-3.93)
Alcohol intake
No	252 (94.4)	15 (5.6)
Yes	200 (94.3)	12 (5.7)	1.000	0.522	0.74 (0.29-1.89)
Diabetes mellitus
No	408 (95.6)	19 (4.4)
Yes	44 (84.6)	8 (15.4)	0.005	0.004	3.99 (1.56-10.20)
Hypertension
No	361 (94.5)	21 (5.5)
Yes	91 (93.8)	6 (6.2)	0.806	0.638	0.78 (0.28-2.18)

¹Total number of analyzed patients. Missing values are not included.

^aP < 0.05, univariate logistic regression test;

^cP < 0.05, multivariate logistic regression test. Logistic model including terms of age, gender, residence, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus and hypertension.