Procalcitonin in inflammatory bowel disease: Drawbacks and opportunities

Table 1 Procalcitonin in inflammatory bowel disease

Ref.	Type of study	Study population		PCT
			IBD vs HCs	Active vs inactive IBD	Predicting complications
Korczowski et al[21], 2003	Cross-sectional	129 children with diarrhea and 30 HCs	Non significantly different	Non assessed	PCT predicted bacterial enterocolitis
Herrlinger et al[22], 2004	Cross-sectional	51 IBD patients (26 with CD and 25 with UC) and 25 patients with self-limited enterocolitis	Nonassessed	PCT ~40% higher in patients with active disease	Nonassessed
Thia et al[23], 2008	Cross-sectional	71 IBD patients (27 with CD and 44 with UC) and 81 with bacterial gastroenteritis	Nonassessed	PCT non significantly higher in patients with active disease	PCT predicted bacterial gastroenteritis
Oruç et al[24], 2009	Cross-sectional	45 patients with IBD (9 with CD and 36 with UC) and 50 HCs	PCT higher in CD (but not in UC) than in HCs	PCT nonsignificantly higher in patients with active disease	Nonassessed
Oussalah et al[25], 2010	Prospective observational	57 IBD patients (30 with CD and 27 with UC)	Nonassessed	PCT ~40% higher in patients with active disease; PCT predicted disease severity in CD but not in UC	Nonassessed
Koido et al[26], 2013	Cross-sectional	18 patients with UC and 11 HCs	Nonsignificantly different between inactive UC and HCs, higher in active UC than in HCs	PCT ~3-fold higher in patients with active disease	Nonassessed
Chung et al[27], 2016	Cross-sectional	58 IBD patients (38 with CD and 20 with UC)	Nonassessed	PCT nonsignificantly higher in patients with active disease	PCT predicted bacterial infection and sepsis
Ge et al[28], 2016	Cross-sectional	80 CD patients (16 with intraabdominal abscess)	Nonassessed	PCT nonsignificantly higher in patients with active disease	PCT predicted intraabdominal abscess
Nishio et al[29], 2016	Cross-sectional	55 IBD patients (18 with CD and 37 with UV)	Nonassessed	PCT ~3-fold higher in patients with active CD, but not in those with active UC	Nonassessed
Hosomi et al[30], 2017	Cross-sectional	101 IBD patients (33 with CD and 68 with UC).	Nonassessed	PCT nonsignificantly higher in patients with active disease	Nonassessed
Zielińska-Borkowska et al[31], 2017	Observational	154 patients undergoing major elective colorectal surgery (38 with IBD)	Nonassessed	Nonassessed	PCT predicted postsurgical infection

CD: Crohn's disease; HCs: Healthy controls; IBD: Intestinal bowel disease; PCT: Procalcitonin; UC: Ulcerative colitis.