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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 28, 2017; 23(36): 6628-6638
Published online Sep 28, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i36.6628
Table 1 Glucocorticoids of first and second generation and his medical uses
GlucocorticoidsComponentIndicationsRef.
1st generationPrednisoneModerate to Severe cases[3,25,27]
Methyl-Prednisoloneof IBDs[26]
HydrocortisoneShort duration of treatment[29]
2nd generationBudesonideModerate CD cases[32-34]
Budesonide MMXMild to moderate UC cases[36,37]
Beclomethasone dipropionateTopical administration[40,41]
Erythrocyte - Mediated Delivery of DexamethasoneIn research for long term treatments[42]
Table 2 Molecular highlights on responses to steroidal treatment
Gene/proteinFunctionMolecular alteration or genetic variantEffect on GC responseRef.
NR3C1GC receptorIncreased expression of the isoformBlock signaling of the isoform/GC resistance[58]
rs6189Altered transactivation of GC receptor/GC resistance[54,63]
rs6190
rs6195Enhanced sensitivity to GC[65]
rs41423247Alternative splicing of receptor/GC resistance[54,63]
MDR1Export of drugs from the cellrs1045642Decreased MDR1 levels/GC resistance in Brazilian CD patients[68]
rs1128503Possible misfolding/GC dependence in Chinese CD patients[75-77]
rs1045642
IL-10Anti-inflammatory cytokiners1800896Lowered production of IL-10/GC dependence in UC and CD patients[45]
EBF3Transcription factorDecreased levels of EBF3More severely inflamed phenotype/GC dependence[72]
PAR2G protein coupled receptorMethylation of gene promoterGC resistance/dependence in UC patients.[82]