Endoscopic shielding technique, a new method in therapeutic endoscopy

Table 1 Outcomes of endoscopic shielding techniques with different experimental models

Ref.	Year	n	Species	Location of lesions	Substance	Primary endpoint	Efficacy
Maeng et al[4]	2014	12/2	Rabbit/pigs	Stomach	EGF-CS	Mucosal healing	90%-95%
Takao et al[5]	2015	9	Pigs	Stomach	PGA-FG	Prevent late complications	100%
Hiroyuki et al[6]	2016	20	Canine	Stomach	PGA-FG with suture	Prevent late complications	100%
Lorenzo-Zúñiga et al[7]	2016	4/16	Pigs/rats	Colon	PRP	Prevent late perforation and mucosal healing	100% and 2.4% (control) vs 80% (treated)
Lorenzo-Zúñiga et al[8]	2017	8/24	Pigs/rats	Colon	HAMPA	Prevent late perforation	100%

PGA: Polyglycolic acid sheets; FG: Fibrin glue; EGF-CS: Hydrogel epidermal growth factor with chitosan; PRP: Platelet rich plasma; HAMPA: Hydrogel based on the combination of hyaluronic acid, methylcellulose, poloxamer 407 and a non-absorbable antibiotic.

Table 2 Outcomes of endoscopic shielding with different substances to prevent late complications after endoscopic resection

Ref.	Year	n	Location of lesions	Size (mm)	Substance	Procedure time (min)	Primary endpoint	Efficacy
Takimoto et al[3]	2012	1	Duodenum	20.0	PGA-FG	NR	Prevent late perforation	100%
Doyama et al[9]	2014	3	Duodenum	17.5	PGA-FG with clips	22	Prevent late perforation	100%
Takimoto et al[10]	2014	2	Duodenum	17.5	PGA-FG with clips	NR	Prevent late perforation	100%
Tsuji et al[11]	2014	10	Colorectal	39.7	PGA-FG	18.7	Prevent late complications	100%
Tsuji et al[13]	2015	41	Stomach	40.1	PGA-FG	20.4	Prevent late bleeding	93.3%
Kataoka et al[16]	2015	1	Esophagus	55.0	PGA-FG-T	NR	Prevent late stricture	100%
Myung et al[12]	2016	35	Colorectal	38.8	Surgicel®	5	Prevent late complications	100%
Sakaguchi et al[15]	2016	11	Esophagus	38.3	PGA-T	12	Prevent late stricture	81.8%
Takimoto et al[14]	2016	3	Stomach	25.0	PGA-FG	NR	Treatment of postoperative perforations	100%

PGA: Polyglycolic acid sheets; FG: Fibrin glue; T: Triamcinolone; NR: Not reported.