Randomized Controlled Trial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Gastroenterol. May 14, 2017; 23(18): 3356-3366
Published online May 14, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i18.3356
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients
Low-FODMAP diet, n = 44Normal diet,n = 45P value
Male/Female12 (27)/32 (73)10 (23)/35 (77)0.64
Age, median (range)40 (20-70)41 (24-69)0.55
Body mass index, median (range)25 (18-39)24 (18-52)0.44
Smoking0.01
Current8 (18)2 (4)
Former19 (43)12 (28)
Never17 (39)30 (68)
IBD diagnosis type0.93
Ulcerative colitis (UC)30 (68)31 (69)
Crohn’s disease (CD)14 (32)14 (31)
UC extent0.34
E1, proctitis7 (23)11 (36)
E2, left side15 (50)10 (32)
E3, extensive8 (27)10 (32)
CD location0.51
L1, small bowel4 (29)3 (21)
L2, colonic4 (29)7 (50)
L3, ilea-colonic6 (42)4 (29)
CD behavior0.13
B1, inflammatory6 (43)11 (79)
B2, stricturing6 (43)2 (14)
B3, penetrating2 (14)1 (7)
IBD duration, median (range)7 (1-40)5 (1-39)0.41
IBD disease activity (yes)6 (14%)7 (16%)0.52
UC disease activity (SCCAI)3 (1-4)2 (1-4)0.75
CD disease activity (HBI)7 (3-8)5 (4-11)0.61
IBS severity (IBS-SSS)210 (190-270)245 (180-320)0.40
IBS-quality of life73 (19-99)77 (30-98)0.25
Short-IBD-quality of life (SIBDQ)47 (42-55)50 (40-57)0.88
C-reactive protein (mg/L), median (range)2 (2-35)2 (2-52)0.32
Faecal calprotectin (μg/L), median (range)50 (2-1259)39 (2-1600)0.28
FODMAPs (g/d), median (range)24 (9-81)26 (4-58)0.53
Surgery prior study11 (25)2 (4)0.01
Medication: Yes/No34/1038/70.41
5-ASA/Sulphasalazine23 (52)25 (55)
Azathioprine (AZA)/Methotrexate4 (9)7 (15)/1 (2)
Biologicals ± AZA5 (11)4 (9)
Table 2 Results of main outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease patients on low-FODMAP diet
NumberWeek 0Week 6P value
Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Symptom Severity System (IBS-SSS)
Low-FODMAP37210 (190-270)115 (33-169)< 0.001
Normal diet41245 (180-320)170 (91-288)< 0.001
0.021
Simple Clinical Colitis Index (SCCAI)
Low-FODMAP243 (1-4)1 (0-3)0.04
Normal diet292 (1-4)2 (1-4)0.98
0.021
Harvey and Bradshaw Index (HBI)
Low-FODMAP97 (3-8)3 (1-5)0.05
Normal diet125 (4-11)6 (3-9)0.25
0.091
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL)
Low-FODMAP3673 (19-99)78 (18-99)< 0.01
Normal diet4177 (30-98)81 (26-99)0.30
0.091
Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ)
Low-FODMAP3447 (42-55)60 (51-65)< 0.01
Normal diet4050 (40-57)50 (39-60)0.54
< 0.011
Table 3 Results of irritable bowel syndrome-symptom severity system response in subgroups of inflammatory bowel disease patients on low FODMAP
NumberWeek 0Week 6P value
Ulcerative colitis (UC)
UC55 (71)220 (190-300)124 (40-198)< 0.01
LFD26 (47)225 (187-260)120 (36-170)< 0.01
ND29 (53)220 (185-315)141 (52-263)< 0.01
0.371
Crohn’s disease (CD)
CD23 (29)245 (170-320)170 (56-294)< 0.01
LFD11 (48)210 (160-320)58 (18-173)0.02
ND12 (52)250 (172-382)220 (57-357)0.54
0.021
UC vs CD, P = 0.241
IBD-Remission by SCCAI/HBI
Remission65 (83)230 (175-305)140 (39-212)< 0.01
LFD31 (48)220 (170-250)105 (26-167)< 0.01
ND34 (52)242 (177-322)175 (77-298)< 0.01
< 0.011
IBD Mild-to-Moderate Activity by SCCAI/HBI
Activity13 (17)210 (200-350)140 (103-252)0.53
LFD6 (46)210 (194-391)169 (105-332)0.17
ND7 (54)260 (200-330)140 (96-211)0.06
0.531
Remission vs Activity, P < 0.011
FC-remission (≤ 100 μg/g UC, ≤ 200 μg/g CD), n = 53
Remission53 (73)220 (179-305)113 (34-225)< 0.01
LFD25 (47)220 (174-305)60 (29-169)< 0.01
ND28 (53)230 (180-307)174 (66-298)< 0.01
0.061
FC-activity (> 100 μg/g UC; > 200 μg/g CD), n = 20
Activity20 (27)250 (204-330)160 (110-211)< 0.01
LFD11 (55)210 (200-250)157 (95-198)0.04
ND9 (45)320 (230-360)170 (103-291)0.03
0.501
FC-Remission vs FC-Activity, P = 0.291
CRP-remission (< 10 mg/L), n = 75
Remission75 (96)230 (180-320)140 (50-211)< 0.01
LFD35 (47)210 (187-260)114 (30-169)< 0.01
ND40 (53)248 (180-320)176 (78-288)< 0.01
< 0.011
CD, prior surgery (bowel/ileo-coecal resections), n = 13/23 (57%)
LFD11225 (178-302)10 (32-223)< 0.01
ND2--