Endosonographic surveillance of 1-3 cm gastric submucosal tumors originating from muscularis propria

Table 1 Basic characteristics and endoscopic ultrasound findings in 88 patients with suspected gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the stomach

Basic characteristic or EUS finding	Stationary group n = 63	Progressive group n = 25	P value
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	57.4 ± 10.6	56.4 ± 12.4	0.690
Sex (M/F)	35/28	9/16	0.100
Location			0.650
Cardia	16	5
Fundus	16	8
Body	24	11
Antrum	7	1
EUS tumor size and echotexture
Initial tumor size (mean ± SD, mm)	13.9 ± 4.5	16.6 ± 5.5	0.020
Homogeneous/ heterogeneous hypoechoicity	44/19	12/13	0.060
Smooth/irregular tumor border	56/7	15/10	0.002
With/without internal cystic change or calcification	8/55	4/21	0.680
EUS surveillance
Surveillance duration (mean ± SD, mo)	24.6 ± 20.3	30.7 ± 21.7	0.220

EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound.

Table 2 Basic characteristics and endoscopic ultrasound findings in13 patients with confirmed gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the stomach

Case	Age (yr)/sex	Location	Heterogeneous hypoechoic echotexture	Irregular border	Internal cystic change or calcification	Initial size (I, mm)	Final size (F, mm)	Tumor progression (F/I≥ 1.2)	Surveillance procedures	Surveillance duration (mo)	Malignant potential
1	41/F	Body	+	-	-	15	23	+	4	82.1	Very low
2	67/F	Fundus	+	-	+	15	23	+	5	66.5	Very low
3	50/F	Cardia	-	+	-	16	20	+	4	22.8	Very low
4	70/M	Body	-	-	-	15	20	+	8	37.9	Very low
5	57/F	Cardia	+	+	-	28	50	+	3	19.3	Low
6	46/M	Fundus	+	+	-	30	35	+	2	3.4	Low
7	55/F	Antrum	-	-	-	18	23	+	2	63.0	Low
8	69/F	Body	-	-	-	21	28	+	2	3.7	Low
9	49/M	Body	+	+	-	24	30	+	3	47.9	Low
10	61/F	Fundus	+	+	-	24	33	+	6	41.9	Low
11	54/M	Body	+	+	-	21	28	+	5	32.1	Intermediate
12	59/F	Body	+	+	-	18	23	+	2	5.5	Intermediate
13	60/F	Fundus	+	+	-	30	51	+	2	31.3	High

Table 3 Basic characteristics and endoscopic ultrasound findings in 4 patients with confirmed leiomyomas in the stomach

Case	Age (yr)/sex	Location	Heterogeneous hypoechoic echotexture	Irregular border	Internal cystic change or calcification	Initial size (I, mm)	Final size (F, mm)	Tumor progression (F/I≥ 1.2)	Surveillance procedures	Surveillance duration(mo)
1	69/F	Body	-	-	-	10	10	-	2	3.5
2	52/M	Fundus	-	-	-	10	9	-	2	3.7
3	64/F	Antrum	+	-	-	13	13	-	3	21.3
4	50/M	Cardia	+	+	+	18	20	-	2	3.0

Table 4 Comparison of basic characteristics and endoscopic ultrasound findings between patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyomas by the Mann -Whitney U test

Basic characteristic or EUS finding	GIST n = 13	Leiomyoma n = 4	P value
Age (median, range, yr)	57 (41-70)	58 (50-69)	0.785
Sex (M/F)	4/9	2/2	0.482
Location			0.868
Cardia	2	1
Fundus	4	1
Body	6	1
Antrum	1	1
EUS tumor size and echotexture
Initial tumor size (median, mm)	21	11.5	0.015
Final tumor size (median, mm )	28	11.5	0.003
Homogeneous/heterogeneous hypoechoicity	4/9	2/2	0.482
Smooth/ irregular tumor border	5/8	0/4	0.682
With/without internal cystic change or calcification	1/12	0/4	0.567
EUS surveillance
Surveillance duration (median, range, mo)	31.3 (3.1-81.0)	3.6 (3.0-21.4)	0.023
Surveillance procedure (median, range, times)	3 (2-8)	2 (2-3)	0.163
Tumor progression	13	0	< 0.001

GISTs: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound.