Terminal ileum gangrene secondary to a type IV paraesophageal hernia

Table 1 Cases of type IV paraesophageal hernia with incarceration of small bowel

Reference/year	Age/sex	Symptom	Involved organ	Ischemia	Therapy
Ohtsuka et al[7], 2012	78/female	Abdominal pain	Stomach and Small bowel (ileum)	No	laparotomy
Pappachan et al[8], 2013	78/female	syncope	Small bowel and colon	No	No
Ho et al[3], 2014	78/female	Abdominal pain and vomiting	Stomach omentum and small bowel (ileum)	Yes	laparotomy
Makris et al[9], 2015	66/male	Epigastric pain and dyspnea	Small bowel (ileum only)	Yes	laparotomy
Our case	78/female	Epigastric pain and dyspnea	Small bowel (terminal ileum only)	Yes	laparotomy