Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 14, 2016; 22(42): 9300-9313
Published online Nov 14, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i42.9300
Table 1 Comparison of affinity to tumor necrosis factor by anti-tumor necrosis factor agents
TargetMethod /sourceAffinityRef.
sTNFSPRGOL = ETA > IFX > ADA[40]
sTNFSPRETA > ADA = IFX[41]
mTNFmTNF-expressing cells (Sp2/0-11A5-1 myeloma cells)IFX = ADA = ETA[41]
mTNFmTNF-expressing cells (K2 murine myeloma cells)IFX = GOL > ADA > ETA[40]
mTNFPBMCs (T cells)IFX = ADA > Certo >> No binding of ETA[42]
Flow cytometry
mTNFPBLIFX >> No binding of ETA[43]
Flow cytometry
sTNFImmunoassayIFX > ETA (rapid dissociation)[44]
Table 2 Comparison of avidity to tumor necrosis factor by anti-tumor necrosis factor agents
TargetMethod/sourceAvidityRef.
sTNFKinExA®ETA > ADA[41]
(automated flow immunoassay system)IFX
mTNF[44]IFX > ETA[44]
Table 3 Mechanism of action of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents
AgentCell typeMechanism of actionRef.
ADACHO cell line stably expressing mTNF cocultured with human PBMCsInduction of ADCC[75]
ADACHO cell line stably expressing mTNF with human normal serumInduction of CDC[75]
IFX, ADA, ETA, CertoTNF6.5 cells (murine NSO cell line stably expressing human TNF) with baby rabbit complementCDC: IFX, ADA, ETA ++; Certo -[50]
IFX, ADA, ETA, CertoTNF6.5 cells in coculture with CD14-depleted PBMCsADCC: IFX, ADA ++, ETA+, Certo -[50]
IFX, ADA, ETA, CertoPeripheral blood lymphocytesApoptosis: IFX, ADA ++; ETA+, Certo -[50]
IFX, ADA, ETA, CertoPeripheral blood monocytesApoptosis: IFX, ADA ++; ETA+, Certo -[50]
IFX, ADAmTNF transfected cell line (SP2/0-11A5-1, murine)Induction of CDC[41]
IFX, ADAActivated human PBMCsNo induction of CDC[41]
GOL, ADA, IFX, CertomTNF expressing Jurkat cells with PBMCs/human serumADCC, CDC: GOL, ADA, IFX ++; ETA+, Certo-[77]
ADA, IFX, GOL, CertomTNF expressing Jurkat cellsApoptosis: ADA, IFX ++,[77]
GOL+, Certo+
ADA, IFX, ETAcultured monocytesCaspase-dependent apoptosis: ADA, IFX ++; ETA -[53]
IFX, ETAPeripheral blood lymphocytes and lamina propria T cellsCaspase-3 activation and apoptosis: IFX +; ETA -[43]
ADA, IFX, ETA, CertoIntestinal CD4/CD14 cells from IBD patientsApoptosis by targeting mTNF/TNFR2: ADA, IFX, Certo +; ETA -[24]
Table 4 Prediction of response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy - possible biomarkers
Material/methodPredictor for responseDiseaseRef.
Intestinal biopsiesIL1B (upregulated in non-responders)CD[54]
IL17A (upregulated in non-responders)
Intestinal biopsiesIL13RA2CD and UC[16]
PTGS2
WNT5A
Bloodhigh CAIUC[17]
negative ANCA
IL23R
BloodHigh APICD[83]
BloodC-reactive proteinCD and UC[84]
Intestinal biopsiesTNFRSF11B (osteoprotegerin)UC[85]
STC1 (stanniocalcin-1)
PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2)
IL13Ralpha2 (IL13R alpha 2)
IL11 (IL-11)
SPECTHigh apoptosis rateCD[80]
Endoscopic molecular imagingHigh mucosal mTNF expression in vivoCD[18]