Supportive therapies for prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and preservation of liver function

Table 1 Cohort studies (5 reports) and randomized controlled trial (3 reports) were available

Ref.	Group	Patient number	Therapy for HCC	Male/Female	Age (yr)	Child-Pugh A/B/C	Maximum tumor size (mm)	Study design
Togo et al[41]	BCAA	21	Surgery	17/4	66.5 ± 4.5	15/7/0	ND	RCT
2005	control	22		17/5	64.3 ± 9.1	17/5/0	ND
Ichikawa et al[42]	BCAA	26	Surgery	18/8	64.7 ± 9.8	21/5/0	ND	RCT
2012	control	30		20/10	64.5 ± 11.4	25/5/0	ND
Nishikawa et al[43]	BCAA	115	RFA	64/51	69.3 ± 9.4	83/30/2	19.5 ± 6.0	cohort
2013	control	141		85/58	70.9 ± 7.8	88/52/1	19.6 ± 6.6
Yoshiji et al[44]	BCAA	51	RFA	32/19	63.6 ± 15.3	41/10/0	ND	RCT
2013	control	42		25/17	62.2 ± 14.8	33/9/0	ND
Saito et al[45]	BCAA	13	RFA	8/5	73.4 ± 2.2	83/30/2	ND	cohort
2014	control	27		16/11	70.0 ± 1.9	88/52/1	ND
Nishikawa et al[46]	BCAA	40	TACE	27/13	69.9 ± 8.8	6.4 ± 0.4	33.4 ± 16.7	cohort
2012	control	59		32/27	73.2 ± 10.1	5.4 ± 0.1	35.9 ± 14.7
						(score)
Takeda et al[47]	BCAA	34	Sorafenib	27/7	72 (55-88)	16/18/0	ND	cohort
2014	control	44		37/7	68 (46-89)	30/14/0	ND
Imanaka et al[48]	BCAA	55	Sorafenib	45/10	72.2 ± 7.8/73.1 ± 6.4	37/18/0	ND	cohort
2015	control	201		167/34	72.4 ± 8.8/67.2 ± 13.0	179/22/0	ND
					(Child-Pugh A/B)

BCAA: Late evening snack using branched-chain amino acid; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation, TACE: Trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization, ND: Not done; RCT: Randomized control trial.

Table 2 Cohort studies (2 reports) and randomized controlled trial (3 reports)

Ref.	Group	Patient number	Therapy for HCC	Male/Female	Age (yr)	Child-Pugh A/B/C	Maximum tumor size (mm)	Study design
Okabayashi et al[56]	LES-BCAA	40	surgery	29/11	65.7 ± 8.6	33/7/0	ND	cohort
2008	control	72		55/17	68.3 ± 8.1	62/10/0	ND
Kuroda et al[57]	LES-BCAA	20	RFA	13/7	65.6 ± 7.0	8/11/1	20.2 (median)	cohort
2010	control	15		9/6	66.0 ± 8.1	6/8/1	19.8 (median)
Morihara et al[58]	LES-BCAA	10	RFA	8/2	73.5 ± 8.5	9/1/0	20.0 ± 10.7	RCT
2012	Morning-BCAA	10		8/2	66.9 ± 9.7	7/3/0	24.3 ± 7.7
	control	10		7/3	69.3 ± 8.0	7/3/0	24.4 ± 7.7
Takeshita et al[59]	LES-BCAA	28	TACE	19/9	69.1 ± 8.231	6.107 ± 1.315 (score)	ND	RCT
2009	control	28		21/7	70.6 ± 9.745	5.53 ± 0.516 (score)	ND
Harima et al[60]	LES-BCAA	13	HAIC	11/2	64.5 ± 9.5	6/7/0	77.7 ± 50.5	RCT
2010	control	10		8/2	66.4 ± 12.8	6/4/0	88.0 ± 39.7

LES-BCAA: Late evening snack using branched-chain amino acid; Morning-BCAA: Morning BCAA administration; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; TACE: Trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization; HAIC: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy; ND: Not done; RCT: Randomized control trial.