Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 14, 2016; 22(30): 6829-6840
Published online Aug 14, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i30.6829
Table 1 List of molecules responsible for formation of peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer
SymbolFull nameLocationBiological functionsOncological functionsInteracting molecules, pathwaysRef.
Penetration of the gastric wall
CDH1Cadherin 1, E-cadherin16q22.1Cell-cell adhesionProliferation, invasion, migrationWnt, Rho GTPases, NF-κB pathways, EMT[22]
ANXA1Annexin 19q21.13Calcium and membrane-binding proteinProliferation, apoptosis, tumorigenesisMAPK/ERK pathway[30]
NRAGENeurotrophin receptor-interacting melanoma antigen-encoding gene homologXp11.23Normal developmental apoptosis of sympathetic, sensory and motor neuronsProliferation, apoptosisAATF, p75NTR, PCNA[37]
Survival and proliferation in the abdominal cavity
HIF1AHypoxia-inducible factor-1α subunit14q23.2Regulator of cellular and systemic homeostatic response to hypoxiaEnergy metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosisReactive oxygen species, NF-κB pathway[20]
PTENPhosphatase and tensin homolog10 q23Dephosphorylating phosphoinositide substratesGrowth, migrationPI3K/NF-κB pathway, FAK[48]
CXCR4C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 42q21Chemokine receptorInvasion, metastasisPI3K/AKT/NF-κB, mTOR pathways[52,55]
CXCL12C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1210q11.1Ligand for the G-protein-coupled receptor and CXCR4Metastasis, angiogenesis
AREGAmphiregulin4q13.3Epidermal growth factor, mammary gland, oocyte and bone tissue developmentProliferation, migrationEGF, TGF-α, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis[60]
HBEGFHeparin-binding EGF-like growth factor5q23Ligand for EGFR
Adhesion and invasion to the mesothelium
ITGA3Integrin subunit a 317q21.33Cell surface adhesionMetastasis, adhesionLaminin[69]
MMP7Matrix metalloproteinase 711q22.2Extracellular matrix degradationProliferation, invasionE-cadherin, TGF-β, EMT[75]
CTGFConnective tissue growth factor6q23.1Chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, cell adhesionGrowth, migration, adhesionIntegrin a3b1, PDGF[79]
MELKMaternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase9p13.2Cell cycle-dependent protein kinaseApoptosis, chemoresistanceRhoA, FAK, Bcl-GL[84]
Growth and angiogenesis
VEGFAVascular endothelial growth factor A6p21.1Proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cellsAngiogenesisFAK, PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK pathways[87]
IRX1Iroquois homeobox 15p15.33Pattern formation in the embryoMetastasis, angiogenesisVEGFA[90]