Metabolic complications in liver transplant recipients

Table 1 Definition of the metabolic syndrome by the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III adapted by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/American Heart Association, and the International Diabetes Federation

American heart association	International diabetes federation
At least 3 of the following criteria:	Abdominal obesity according to gender and ethnicity specific values (i.e., waist circumference > 80 cm for women and > 90 cm for men if they are American or European) and at least 2 the following criteria:
Waist circumference > 88 cm for women and > 102 cm for men
Fasting glucose > 100 mg/dL
Systolic blood pressure > 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 85 mmHg
	Fasting glucose > 100 mg/dL
HDL < 50 mg/dL for women and < 40 mg/dL for men	Systolic blood pressure > 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 85 mmHg
Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
	HDL < 50 mg/dL for women and < 40 mg/dL for men
	Triglycerides >150 mg/dL

HDL: High density lipoprotein.

Table 2 Recommendations and treatment aims in patients with the metabolic syndrome

Maintain a healthy lifestyle

Stop smoking

Perform regular physical exercise

Weight control

Blood pressure

< 140/90 mmHg (if there are no other associated risk factors)

< 130/80 mmHg (if diabetes, kidney failure or established cardiovascular disease)

Fasting blood glucose levels: 80-130 mg/dL

Post-prandial levels:140-180 mg/dL

Glycated haemoglobin < 6.5%-7.0%

LDL cholesterol level

< 130 mg/dL (if no cardiovascular risk)

< 115 mg/dL (if moderate cardiovascular risk)

< 110 mg/dL (if high cardiovascular risk)

HDL: High density lipoprotein.