Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 7, 2016; 22(25): 5800-5813
Published online Jul 7, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i25.5800
Table 1 Sample and completion data for university medical students according to geographical area, university and academic year
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
TN0TNRTR
N0NRN0NRN0NRN0NRN0NRN0NR
N14503003003003003502000
N296919691
N3133133878797951009965659292574571
N410010089888484585873737271476474
NT3743242061752111791881571681381991631346113684.39%
C132293229
C21071071161166161737362527777496486
C3878613913994941721715858124124674672
C49593128128535342426262123123503501
C553534848230124101
C61201202902322172142
C7108107959443432828646210393441427
NT5705665555252972733153142782634274172442235896.56%
S1120252538387563
S22402727242375752202828200153
S31931932412381551539998144143145143977968
S4595968672525505026263838266265
S51811791161258685115114152141119112769756
NT4574314524572902863513373693353683592287220596.41%
L111411414814511611415615110192113112748728
L26969122122989876768484110110559559
L326126126526528428412312311411413313311801180
L483825757140139
L51991951951921451411441438787139137909895
L6494828277775
NT7757698158086436374994933863774954923613357698.97%
NT2176209020281965144113751353130112011113148914319688927595.73%
Table 2 Socio-personal and university variables related to organ donation and transplantation affecting the attitude of university medical students toward unrelated and related living liver donation n (%)
Unrelated living liver donation
Related living liver donation
VariableIn favor (n = 2937; 32%)Not in favor (n = 6338; 68%)P valueIn favor (n = 8258; 89%)Not in favor (n = 1017; 11%)P value
Socio-personal variables
Age (21 ± 3 yr)22 ± 4 yr21 ± 3 yr< 0.00121 ± 3 yr22 ± 4 yr0.008
Sex0.195< 0.001
Male (n = 2702)830 (31)1872 (69)2310 (86)392 (14)
Female (n = 6499)2086 (32)4413 (68)5889 (91)610 (9)
DS/DK (n = 74)21535915
University variables
Type of university0.680.103
Public university (n = 8192)2600 (32)5592 (68)7278 (89)914 (11)
Private university (n = 1083)337 (31)746 (69)980 (91)103 (9)
Year of medicine< 0.001< 0.001
First (n = 2090)521 (25)1569 (75)1811 (87)279 (13)
Second (n = 1965)544 (28)1421 (72)1736 (88)229 (12)
Third (n = 1375)422 (31)953 (69)1212 (88)163 (12)
Fourth (n = 1301)480 (37)821 (63)1166 (90)135 (10)
Fifth (n = 1113)443 (40)670 (60)1020 (92)93 (8)
Sixth (n = 1431)527 (37)904 (63)1313 (92)118 (8)
Geographical location0.1090.013
North (n = 1136)365 (32)771 (68)1002 (88)134 (12)
Central area (n = 2358)718 (30)1640 (70)2118 (90)240 (10)
South (n = 2205)741 (34)1464 (66)1993 (90)212 (10)
East (n = 3576)1113 (31)2463 (69)3145 (88)431 (12)
Table 3 Variables of the university medical students' knowledge about, and attitude toward, related and unrelated living liver donation n (%)
Unrelated living liver donation
Related living liver donation
VariableIn favor (n = 2937, 32%)Not in favor (n = 6338, 68%)P valueIn favor (n = 8258, 89%)Not in favor (n = 1017, 11%)P value
Knowing a transplant patient
Yes (n = 2261)813 (36)1448 (64)< 0.0012026 (90)235 (10)0.296
No (n = 6992)2121 (30)4871 (70)6210 (89)782 (11)
DS/DK (n =22)31922--
Knowing a donor
Yes (n = 1305)482 (37)823 (63)< 0.0011180 (90)125 (10)0.086
No (n = 7943)2451 (31)5492 (69)7055 (89)888 (11)
DS/DK (n = 27)423234
Possibility of needing a transplant
Yes (n = 7712)2544 (33)5168 (67)< 0.0016951 (90)761 (10)< 0.001
No (n = 118)35 (30)83 (70)96 (81)22 (19)
Doubts (n = 1372)341 (25)1031 (75)1159 (85)213 (16)
DS/DK (n = 73)17565221
Attitude toward deceased donation
In favor (n = 7376)2603 (35)4773 (65)< 0.0016761 (92)615 (8)< 0.001
Against - undecided (n = 1899)334 (18)1565 (82)1497 (79)402 (21)
Donating a living kidney
Yes, I would donate one (n = 2784)1965 (71)819 (29)< 0.0012684 (96)100 (4)< 0.001
No, I would not donate one (n = 872)111 (13)761 (87)656 (75)216 (25)
I do not know (n = 5619)861 (15)4758 (85)4918 (88)701 (12)
Willingness to accept a living liver segment from a family member
Yes, I would accept it (n = 5342)2187 (41)3155 (59)< 0.0015146 (96)196 (4)< 0.001
No, I would wait on the waiting list (n = 907)224 (25)683 (75)751 (83)156 (17)
I do not know (n = 2932)519 (18)2413 (82)2341 (80)591 (20)
DS/DK (n = 94)7872074
Table 4 Variables of social interaction and pro-social behavior affecting the attitude of university medical students toward unrelated and related living liver donation n (%)
Unrelated living liver donation
Related living liver donation
VariableIn favor (n = 2937, 32%)Not in favor (n = 6338, 68%)P valueIn favor (n = 8258, 89%)Not in favor (n = 1017, 11%)P value
Variables of social interaction
Family discussion
Yes (n = 6565)2255 (34)4310 (66)< 0.0015946 (91)619 (9)< 0.001
No (n = 2689)675 (25)2014 (75)2297 (85)392 (15)
DS/DK (n = 21)714156
Discussion with friends
Yes (n = 6841)2307 (34)4534 (66)< 0.0016172 (90)669 (10)< 0.001
No (n = 2418)627 (26)1791 (74)2074 (86)344 (14)
DS/DK (n = 16)313124
A partner's opinion about donation and transplantation
Yes, it is favorable (n = 2740)1045 (38)1695 (62)< 0.0012511 (92)229 (8)< 0.001
I do not know (n = 2451)603 (25)1848 (75)2101 (86)350 (14)
Yes, he or she is against (n = 247)71 (29)176 (71)204 (83)43 (17)
I do not have a boyfriend/girlfriend (n = 3654)1162 (32)2492 (68)3281 (90)373 (10)
DS/DK (n = 183)5612716122
Donation of a family member's organs
Yes (n = 8424)2776 (33)5648 (67)< 0.0017592 (90)832 (10)< 0.001
No (n = 667)128 (19)539 (81)536 (80)131 (20)
DS/DK (n = 184)3315113054
Variable of pro-social behaviour
Participation in pro-social activities
Yes, regularly (n = 882)348 (40)534 (60)< 0.001778 (88)104 (12)< 0.001
Yes, occasionally (n = 1968)710 (36)1258 (64)1756 (89)212 (11)
No, nor am I going to (n = 598)92 (15)506 (85)499 (84)99 (16)
No, but I would be willing to (n = 5766)1774 (31)3992 (69)5201 (90)565 (10)
DS/DK (n = 61)13482437
Table 5 Religious variables and attitude toward the body which affect the attitude of university medical students toward unrelated and related living liver donation n (%)
Unrelated living liver donation
Related living liver donation
VariableIn favor (n = 2937, 32%)Not in favor (n = 6338, 68%)P valueIn favor (n = 8258, 89%)Not in favor (n = 1017, 11%)P value
Religious variables
Respondent's religion
Catholic (n = 5102)1629 (32)3473 (68)0.6074603 (90)499 (10)0.138
Other religions (n = 266)92 (35)174 (65)233 (88)33 (12)
Atheist/agnostic (n = 3726)1179 (32)2547 (68)3322 (89)404 (11)
DS/DK (n = 181)3714410081
Knowing the attitude of one's religion toward donation and transplantation
Yes, in favor (n = 3049)1074 (35)1975 (65)< 0.0012755 (90)1975 (65)0.624
Yes, against (n = 723)193 (27)530 (73)645 (89)530 (73)
I do not know (n = 1152)325 (28)827 (72)1035 (90)827 (72)
DS/DK (n = 444)12931540143
Variable of attitude toward the body
Fear of mutilation or scars
Yes, I am concerned about it a lot (n = 1004)262 (26)742 (74)< 0.001860 (86)144 (14)< 0.001
I do not mind (n = 6318)2230 (35)4088 (65)5746 (91)572 (9)
I do not know (n = 1860)427 (23)1433 (77)1582 (85)278 (15)
DS/DK (n = 93)18757023
Table 6 Variables affecting the attitude of university medical students toward related living liver donation, a multivariate study
VariableRegression coefficient (β)Standard errorOR (CI)P value
Sex
Male (n = 2702)1
Female (n = 6499)0.3041.356 (1.602-1.146)< 0.001
Academic year of degree in medicine:
First (n = 2090)1
Second (n = 1965)0.0900.1111.095 (1.360-0.880)0.416
Third (n = 1375)0.0960.1271.101 (1.412-0.858)0.449
Fourth (n = 1301)0.0780.1351.081 (1.408-0.830)0.561
Fifth (n = 1113)0.3960.1571.485 (2.024-1.091)0.012
Sixth (n = 1431)0.3960.1431.485 (1.964-1.123)0.005
Attitude toward deceased donation
Against – Undecided (n = 1899)1
In favor (n = 7376)0.7740.0882.169 (2.577-1.824)< 0.001
Donating a living kidney
I do not know (n = 5619)1
Yes, I would donate one (n = 2784)1.1890.1273.278 (4.219-2.557)< 0.001
No, I would not donate one (n = 872)0.9140.1092.494 (2.016-3.086)< 0.001
Willingness to accept a liver segment from a family member
I do not know (n = 2932)1
Yes, I would accept it (n = 5342)1.8720.0966.493 (7.874-5.376)< 0.001
No, I would wait on the list (n = 907)0.3470.1151.414 (1.769-1.129)0.003
The respondent's partner's opinion about donation and transplantation
Yes, he or she is against (n = 247)1
Yes, it is favorable (n = 2740)0.3830.2251.466 (2.277-0.943)0.089
I do not know it (n = 2451)0.1570.2201.169 (1.801-0.759)0.477
I have not got a boyfriend or girlfriend (n = 3654)0.4500.2191.569 (2.409-1.021)0.040
Participation in pro-social activities
No, I have no intention to participate (n = 598)1
Yes, regularly (n = 882)0.4820.1931.620 (1.110-2.364)0.012
Yes, occasionally (n = 1968)0.3320.1711.394 (0.997-1.948)0.052
No, but I would be prepared to (n = 5766)0.1680.1541.183 (0.875-1.599)0.276
Table 7 Variables affecting the attitude of university medical students toward unrelated living liver donation, a multivariate study
VariableRegression coefficient (β)Standard errorOR (CI)P value
1
Age (21 ± 3 yr)0.0260.0121.026 (1.051-1.002)0.037
Year of medicine
First (n = 2090)1
Second (n = 1965)0.0820.1201.085 (1.373-0.857)0.496
Third (n = 1375)0.2050.1311.226 (1.587-0.949)0.118
Fourth (n = 1301)0.3620.1311.436 (1.855-1.111)0.006
Fifth (n = 1113)0.4670.1411.594 (2.100-1.210)0.001
Sixth (n = 1431)0.5560.1381.745 (2.288-1.331)< 0.001
Attitude toward deceased donation
Against - Undecided (n = 1899)1
In favor (n = 7376)0.5460.1061.724 (2.123-1.402)< 0.001
Donating a living kidney
I do not know (n = 5619)
Yes, I would donate one (n = 2784)2.5520.07812.820 (14.925-10.989)< 0.001
No, I would not donate one (n = 872)0.0990.1461.104 (0.830-1.469)0.495
Willingness to accept a liver segment from a family member
I do not know (n = 2932)1
Yes, I would accept it (n = 5342)1.1370.0893.115 (3.717-2.617)< 0.001
No, I would wait on the waiting list (n = 907)0.2570.1441.293 (1.715-0.974)0.074
A partner's opinion about donation and transplantation
I do not know it (n = 2451)1
Yes, it is favorable (n = 2740)0.3670.0991.443 (1.751-1.187)< 0.001
Yes, he or she is against (n = 247)0.3360.2271.398 (2.183-0.896)0.139
I do not have a boyfriend/girlfriend (n = 3654)0.3440.0941.410 (1.694-1.173)< 0.001
Donating a family member's organs
No (n = 667)1
Yes (n = 8424)0.3950.1621.483 (2.040-1.078)0.015
Participation in pro-social activities
No, I do not intend to particpate in them (n = 598)1
Yes, regularly (n = 882)0.6900.2191.992 (3.067-1.297)0.002
Yes, occasionally (n = 1968)0.6110.2001.841 (2.724-1.243)0.002
No, but I would be willing to (n = 5766)0.5180.1901.677 (2.439-1.157)0.006
Knowing the attitude of one's religion toward donation and transplantation
Yes, against (n = 723)1
Yes, in favor (n = 3049)0.3360.1101.398 (1.736-1.127)0.002
I do not know it (n = 1152)0.2490.1231.282 (1.633-1.008)0.043

  • Citation: Ríos A, López-Navas AI, López-López AI, Gómez FJ, Iriarte J, Herruzo R, Blanco G, Llorca FJ, Asunsolo A, Sánchez-Gallegos P, Gutiérrez PR, Fernández A, de Jesús MT, Martínez-Alarcón L, Lana A, Fuentes L, Hernández JR, Virseda J, Yelamos J, Bondía JA, Hernández AM, Ayala MA, Ramírez P, Parrilla P. Acceptance of living liver donation among medical students: A multicenter stratified study from Spain. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(25): 5800-5813
  • URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v22/i25/5800.htm
  • DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i25.5800