Prospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 7, 2015; 21(9): 2786-2792
Published online Mar 7, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i9.2786
Table 1 Characteristics of the patients with Helicobacter pylori positive culture
Characteristic2009-2010(n = 371)2013-2014(n = 950)P value
Gender (male/female), n185/186485/4650.698
Age (yr), mean ± SD41.9 ± 13.442.9 ± 13.20.215
Endoscopic findings, n
Peptic ulcer601840.320
Gastric erosions75200
No macroscopic abnormality236566
Histological findings, n
Non-atrophic gastritis2456640.174
Atrophic gastritis126286
Table 2 Multiple resistance patterns in the Helicobacter pylori isolates n (%)
Multiple resistance pattern2009-2010(n = 371)2013-2014(n = 950)
Double resistance
CLA + MTZ36 (9.7)79 (8.3)
MTZ + LEV29 (7.8)94 (9.9)
MTZ + RIF15 (4.0)14 (1.5)
CLA + LEV13 (3.5)40 (4.2)
AMX + MTZ3 (0.8)3 (0.3)
MTZ + TET3 (0.8)2 (0.2)
CLA + RIF2 (0.5)11 (1.2)
AMX + CLA2 (0.5)4 (0.4)
CLA + TET1 (0.3)5 (0.5)
AMX + RIF1 (0.3)2 (0.2)
LEV + RIF08 (0.8)
LEV + TET05 (0.5)
AMX + LEV01 (0.1)
Triple resistance
CLA + MTZ + LEV34 (9.2)171 (18.0)
CLA + MTZ + RIF7 (1.9)16 (1.7)
AMX + CLA + MTZ6 (1.6)4 (0.4)
MTZ + LEV + RIF4 (1.1)18 (1.9)
CLA + MTZ + TET4 (1.1)1 (0.1)
CLA + LEV + RIF2 (0.5)11 (1.2)
AMX + MTZ + LEV2 (0.5)2 (0.2)
AMX + MTZ + RIF1 (0.3)0
AMX + CLA + LEV1 (0.3)0
CLA + LEV + TET1 (0.3)3 (0.3)
MTZ + LEV + TET010 (1.1)
AMX + CLA + RIF01 (0.1)
CLA + TET + RIF01 (0.1)
MTZ + TET + RIF01 (0.1)
Quadruple resistance
CLA + MTZ + LEV + RIF12 (3.2)38 (4.0)
AMX + CLA + MTZ + LEV4 (1.1)9 (0.9)
CLA + MTZ + LEV + TET4 (1.1)8 (0.8)
MTZ + LEV + TET + RIF1 (0.3)8 (0.8)
AMX + MTZ + LEV + TET1 (0.3)0
AMX + MTZ + LEV + RIF1 (0.3)0
AMX + CLA + MTZ + RIF03 (0.3)
CLA + MTZ + TET + RIF02 (0.2)
CLA + LEV + TET + RIF01 (0.1)
Quintuple resistance
CLA + MTZ + LEV + TET + RIF1 (0.3)17 (1.8)
AMX + CLA + MTZ + LEV + RIF03 (0.3)
AMX + CLA + MTZ + LEV + TET02 (0.2)
Sextuple resistance1 (0.3)1 (0.1)
Table 3 Influencing factors of antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori isolates
Resistance rate (%)GenderMale (n = 670),female (n = 651)Age (yr)18-35 (n = 496),36-50 (n = 378),51-75 (n = 447)Endoscopic findingsPUD (n = 244),NUD (n = 1077)
Amoxicillin5.1, 5.14.2, 5.3, 5.82.9, 5.6
Clarithromycin46.6, 51.650.8, 48.7, 47.436.5, 51.9a (OR = 1.822; 95%CI: 1.364-2.433)
Metronidazole59.4, 69.4a (OR =1.504; 95%CI: 1.195-1.891)63.3, 62.2, 67.358.6, 65.6
Levofloxacin43.6, 54.8a (OR =1.518; 95%CI: 1.219-1.891)42.9, 53.4, 52.3a (OR =1.199; 95%CI: 1.053-1.365)45.1, 50.0
Tetracycline7.2, 6.06.7, 4.5, 8.36.1, 6.7
Rifampicin19.0, 15.816.7, 16.9, 18.620.9, 16.6