Nanomedicine and drug delivery strategies for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Small interfering RNA therapies

Target gene	Delivery system	Administration	Ref.
TNF-α siRNA therapy with delivery system
TNF-α	TKN	Oral	[14]
TNF-α	PEI-PVA	Oral	[15]
TNF-α	NiMOS	Oral	[16]
TNF-α	OMe-P	Oral	[17]
TNF-α	TPP-PPM	Ex vivo	[18]
TNF-α	Fab'-bearing PLA-PEG	Oral	[19]
siRNA therapy targeting other molecules with delivery system
CyD1	Abs to β7 integrin	Intravenous	[22]
TNF-α/CyD1	NiMOS	Oral	[23]
Map4k4	β1,3-D-glucan shell	Oral	[24]
CD98	scCD98-functionalized	Oral	[25]

SiRNA: Small interfering RNA; TKN: Thioketal nanoparticle; PEI-PVA: Polyethyleneimine/polyvinyl alcohol; NiMOS: Nanoparticles-in-microspheres oral system; OMe-P: 2’-O-methyl and propanediol modification; TPP-PPM: Mannosylated bioreducible cationic polymer/sodium triphosphate; Fab'-bearing PLA-PEG: Polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol copolymer/Fab' portion of the F4/80 Ab; scCD98-functionalized: Chitosan-alginate hydrogel/single-chain CD98 Abs.

Table 2 Antisense oligonucleotide therapies

Target gene	Delivery system	Administration	Ref.
ASO
TNF-α	No	Subcutaneous	[30]
CD40	No	Rectal	[33]
MAdCAM-1	No	Subcutaneous	[34]
STAT3	No	Rectal	[36]
NPY	No	Rectal	[38]
ASO with delivery system
TNF-α	gal-LMWC	Rectal	[39]
NF-κB	CS-PLGA	Oral	[40]
MIF	SPG	Intraperitoneal	[42]
CD40	nov038	Intravenous	[43]
TNF-α	cKGM	Oral	[44]

ASO: Antisense oligonucleotide; gal-LMWC: Galactosylated low-molecular-weight chitosan; CS-PLGA: Chitosan-modified poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide); SPG: Schizophyllan; nov038: Amphoteric liposome; cKGM: Cationic konjac glucomannan phytagel.

Table 3 Administration of anti-inflammatory mediators

Mediator	Delivery system	Administration	Ref.
IL-10
IL-10	L. lactis	Oral	[65]
IL-10	Gelatin microspheres	Rectal	[66]
IL-10	NiMOS	Oral	[67]
Other anti-inflammatory molecules
TNF-neutralization	L. lactis	Oral	[68]
PHB1	PEI-PVA	Oral	[70]
TFF	L. lactis	Oral	[72]
KPV	PLA	Oral	[74]
IL-27	L. lactis	Oral	[77]

L. lactis: Lactococcus lactis; NiMOS: Nanoparticles-in-microspheres oral system; PEI-PVA: Polyethyleneimine/polyvinyl alcohol; PLA: Polylactide.