Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: Current options and developments

Table 1 Diagnostic options of Helicobacter pylori infection in different clinical circumstances and special applications of diagnostic tests

	Gastroduodenal bleeding	Post gastrectomy	Post eradication therapy	Special applications
Rapid urease test		√
Histology		√
Culture				√Antibiotic sensitivity
Polymerase chain reaction	√		√	√Antibiotic sensitivity√Virulence factors√Environmental/oral sample
Urea breath test	√		√
Stool antigen test			√
Serology1	√	√	√	√Virulence factors

¹Although serology is not affected by local change in stomach, result of serology should be interpreted with caution before further management.