Clinical impact of endoscopy position detecting unit (UPD-3) for a non-sedated colonoscopy

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients n (%)

	Overall	Conventional	UPD	P value
Patients	260	131	129	-
Female	90 (34.6)	48 (36.6)	42 (32.6)	0.726
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	62.5 ± 4.8	62.5 ± 5.3	62.9 ± 6.5	0.455
Abdominal surgery	20 (7.7)	9 (6.9)	11 (8.5)	0.334
Examination by an expert colonoscopist	166 (63.8)	83 (63.4)	83 (64.3)	0.768
Antispasmodics use	239 (91.9)	120 (91.6)	119 (92.2)	0.849

UPD: Position detecting unit.

Table 2 Results of colonoscopy n (%)

	Overall	Conventional	UPD	P value
Cecal intubation rate	100%	100%	100%	-
Cecal intubation time (min, mean ± SD)	12.9 ± 4.3	13.2 ± 4.1	12.5 ± 2.3	0.455
Cecal intubation time (< 15 mn)	182 (70.0)	92 (70.2)	90 (69.8)	0.935
Straight insertion methods	120 (46.1)	58 (44.3)	62 (48.1)	0.540
Change of the colonoscopist	6 (2.3)	4 (3.1)	2 (1.6)	0,420
Absence of pain	143 (55.0)	64 (48.9)	79 (61.2)	0.045

UPD: Position detecting unit.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis of the factors affecting visual analog scale pain scores for colonoscope insertion

Factors	Pain		Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
			P value	P value	OR	95%CI
Insertion methods (straight vs roping)	No	88/55	< 0.001	< 0.001	4.1	2.3-7.3
	Yes	32/85
UPD vs Conventional	No	79/64	0.045	0.041	1.8	1.1-3.2
	Yes	50/67
Expert vs Trainee	No	111/32	< 0.001	< 0.001	4.2	2.3-7.6
	Yes	55/62
Abdominal surgery (+ vs -)	No	5/138	0.005	0.006	4.7	1.5-15.0
	Yes	15/102
Gender (Male vs Female)	No	98/45	0.238	0.231	1.4	0.8-2.6
	Yes	72/45
Antispasmodic (+ vs -)	No	132/11	0.801
	Yes	107/10
Age (≥ 65 vs < 64)	No	72/71	0.774
	Yes	61/56

UPD: Position detecting unit.

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors affecting visual analog scale pain scores for colonoscope insertion by trainees

Factors	Pain		Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
			P value	P value	OR	95%CI
Insertion methods (straight vs roping)	No	22/10	< 0.001	< 0.001	6.8	2.6-18.2
	Yes	14/48
UPD vs conventional	No	21/11	0.020	0.043	2.7	1.1-7.2
	Yes	25/37
Abdominal surgery (+ vs - )	No	1/31	0.252	0.429	2.6	0.2-28.8
	Yes	6/56
Antispasmodic (+ vs -)	No	30/2	0.773
	Yes	59/3
Age (≥ 65 vs < 64 )	No	16/16	0.767
	Yes	33/29
Gender (Male vs Female)	No	21/11	0.961
	Yes	41/21

UPD: Position detecting unit.

Table 5 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors affecting visual analog scale pain scores for colonoscope insertion by experts

Factors	Pain		Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
			P value	P value	OR	95%CI
Insertion methods (straight vs roping)	No	66/45	0.001	0.002	3.0	1.5-5.9
	Yes	18/37
Gender (Male vs Female)	No	77/34	0.098	0.486	1.3	0.6-2.8
	Yes	31/24
UPD vs Conventional	No	58/53	0.410
	Yes	25/30
Abdominal surgery (+ vs -)	No	4/107	0.422
	Yes	9/46
Antispasmodic (+ vs -)	No	102/9	0.343
	Yes	48/7
Age (≥ 65 vs < 64 )	No	84/27	0.958
	Yes	28/27

UPD: Position detecting unit.