p53 mutations in colorectal cancer- molecular pathogenesis and pharmacological reactivation

Table 1 Common, high frequency of p53 missense alterations in colorectal cancer

Exon	Codon	Codon change	Nucleotide change	Amino acid change
5	175	CGC→CAC	G→A	Arg→His
7	245	GGC→AGC	G→A	Gly→Ser
7	245	GGC→GAC	G→A	Gly→Asp
7	248	CGG→TGG	C→T	Arg→Trp
7	248	CGG→CAG	G→A	Arg→Gln
8	273	CGT→TGT	C→T	Arg→Cys
8	273	CGT→CAT	G→A	Arg→His
8	282	CGG→TGG	C→T	Arg→Trp

Data selected from UMD TP53 mutation database (http://p53.fr).

Table 2 Summary of major conclusions on the importance of p53 in colorectal cancer development

Ref.	Major conclusions
Taketani et al[21]	p53 partners with ATF3 in maximal induction of DR5 upon
	DNA damage
Wei et al[25]	ATF3 binds mutant p53 and inhibits its oncogenic function
Nishida et al[30]	High expression of miRNA-125b predicts poor survival in CRC. miRNA-125 decreases p53 expression
Kim et al[34,35]	Loss of p53 de-represses Wnt pathway and EMT transition through miRNA-34
López et al[41]	p53 mutations occur in 54% of sporadic CRC
Russo et al[42]	p53 mutations correlate with the site, biologic behaviour and outcome of CRC
Iacopetta et al[44]	p53 mutations that lose transactivational ability are more common in advanced CRC and associated with poor survival

EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; CRC: Colorectal cancer.