Review
Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2014; 20(44): 16639-16648
Published online Nov 28, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16639
Table 1 Intestinal microbiota in the gastrointestinal compartments
Gastrointestinal tractMicrobiota
OesophagusStreptococcus, Prevotella, Veilonella
StomachStreptococcus, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Helicobacter pylori
DuodenumStreptococcus, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Helicobacter pylori, Veilonella, Yeasts
JeiunumStreptococcus, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Helicobacter pylori, Veilonella, Yeasts
IleumBifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Veilonella, Clostridium, Enterobacteriacea
ColonBacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Ruminococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium
Table 2 Properties of ideal probiotic strains
Properties of ideal probiotic strains
Resistance to bile
Resistance to hydrochloric acid
Resistance to pancreatic juice
Ability to tolerate stomach and duodenum conditions and gastric transport
Stimulation of the immune system
Improvement of intestinal function via adhering and colonizing the intestinal epithelium
Competition with pathogens
Modulation of permeability
Anticarcinogenic and antipathogenic activity