Hepatitis B vaccine by intradermal route in non responder patients: An update

Table 1 Studies published since 1983 on vaccination against hepatitis B virus by intradermal route and percentage of positive response

Ref.	Categories of patients	Patients (n)	Dose for ID administration	Positive response
Marangi et al[72]	Chronic kidney disease	5	5 ìg/dose until the protective titer	100%
Fabrizi et al[76]	Chronic kidney disease	25	16 doses of 5 ìg/dose	100%
Chanchairujira et al[74]	Chronic kidney disease	25	7 doses of 10 ìg/dose every 2 wk	92% at 7 mo
Barraclough et al[75]	Chronic kidney disease	30	10 ìg/dose every week for 8 wk	79% at 24 mo
Bunupuradah et al[109]	HIV- children	41	2 ìg/dose at mo 0, 2 and 6	90.2% at month 7
Launay et al[108]	HIV- adults	144	4 ìg × four doses at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 24	77% at week 28
Dhillon et al[113]	Chronic liver disease	42	40 ìg/dose maximum of three doses	69% after the third
				dose
Leonardi et al[123]	Celiac disease	20	2 ìg/dose maximum of four doses	90%
Leonardi et al[126]	Celiac disease	30	2 ìg/dose x four o five doses every 4 wk	90% after the third dose
Li Volti et al[130]	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus	9	3 ìg/dose at the start of the study and at two, four, and six or eight week intervals	77.7%
Leonardi et al[148]	Thalassaemia	54	5 ìg/dose every two weeks until the protective titer	96.4%
Ghebrehewet et al[142]	Healthcare workers	23	Two doses of 20 ìg	91.3% after 1 or 2 doses
Hayashi et al[134]	Mentally retardation	63	4 ìg/dose maximum of three doses	93.5%
Heijtink et al[135]	Mentally retarded patients	92	2 ìg/dose maximum of four doses	92%
Hayashi et al[134]	Mentally retarded patients	62	4 ìg/dose maximum of three doses	93.5%

ID: Intradermal; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.