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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 14, 2014; 20(30): 10383-10394
Published online Aug 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10383
Published online Aug 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10383
Hepatitis B vaccine by intradermal route in non responder patients: An update
Martina Filippelli, Elena Lionetti, Alessia Gennaro, Angela Lanzafame, Mario La Rosa, Salvatore Leonardi, Department of Medical and Pediatric Science, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
Teresa Arrigo, Carmelo Salpietro, Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
Author contributions: Filippelli M and Leonardi S participated in the conception and design of the review, manuscript writing and revision; Lionetti E, Gennaro A, Lanzafame A, Arrigo T, Salpietro C and La Rosa M participated manuscript writing; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to: Salvatore Leonardi, Professor, Department of Medical and Pediatric Science, University of Catania, Via S Sofia 78, 95100 Catania, Italy. leonardi@unict.it
Telephone: +39-9-53782764 Fax: +39-9-53782895
Received: November 29, 2013
Revised: March 12, 2014
Accepted: April 27, 2014
Published online: August 14, 2014
Revised: March 12, 2014
Accepted: April 27, 2014
Published online: August 14, 2014
Core Tip
Core tip: Vaccination is the principal strategy to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by hepatitis B virus. Vaccinated subjects with an hepatitis B surface antibody titer less than 10 mIU/mL after primary vaccine series are considered “no responders”. There are chronic conditions that are characterized by a poorer response to hepatitis B virus vaccination than healthy subjects. To date it is still unclear how to treat this group of patients at high risk of hepatitis B infection. This review focuses on the use of anti hepatitis B vaccine by intradermal route as alternative to conventional intramuscular vaccine in all non responder patients.