Gastroretentive drug delivery systems for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori

Table 1 Primary factors that influence gastric emptying

Influence factors	Gastric emptying
Disease	Chronic renal failure	Delay[46]
	Diabetes	Delay[47]
	H. pylori infection with non-ulcer dyspepsia	No association[48]
The form of the food	Liquid food is faster than solid food[49]
Carbohydrate or fat	Slow[50,51]
Dosage form	Liquid dosage is faster than solid form[52]

Table 2 Different marketed products of floating systems

Product	Remarks	Active ingredient	Company
Topalkan	Loating liquid alginate	Aluminum magnesium	Pierre Fabre Medicament, France
Almagate flatcoat	Floating liquid form	Antacid
proQuin XR	AcuformTM	Ciprofloxacin	Depomed, United States

Table 3 Classification of bioadhesive polymers

Anionic	Cationic	Neutral
Alginate[74]	Poly-L-lysine[75]	Polyethylene glycol[76]
Chondroitin sulfate[77]	Polybrene	Polyvinylpyrrolidone[78]
Carboxymethylcellulose	Chitosan[79]	Polyethylene oxide
Carrageenan		Dextran
Pectin
Poly (acrylic acid) (Carbopol®)[80]