Controlled attenuation parameter for evaluating liver steatosis in chronic viral hepatitis

Table 1 Main clinical and demographic characteristics of the subjects n (%)

Characteristics	Total, n = 115	S0, n = 66	S1, n = 33	S2-S3, n = 16
Sex, females	30 (24.1)	16 (24.2)	10 (30.3)	4 (25.0)
Age, yr (mean ± SD)	43.1 ± 10.5	41.3 ± 11.0	46.8 ± 8.6	43.0 ± 11.1
BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD)	24.8 ± 4.2	24.0 ± 3.5	25.6 ± 5.2	26.7 ± 3.6
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2	57 (50.0)	28 (42.4)	18 (56.2)	11 (68.7)
AST, IU/L (IQR)	43 (28-73)	39 (25-59)	52 (31-88)	45 (35-73)
ALT, IU/L (IQR)	63 (38-110)	54 (33-73)	70 (38-142)	98 (63-125)
Alkaline phosphatase, IU/L (mean ± SD)	72.2 ± 25.5	77.1 ± 27.8	65.4 ± 16.9	62.6 ± 24.6
GGT, IU/L (IQR)	48 (26-88)	39 (20-57)	58 (32-133)	73 (40-106)
Total bilirubin, μmol/L (IQR)	0.69 (0.49-0.92)	0.70 (0.46-1.06)	0.64 (0.55-0.92)	0.70 (0.54-0.86)
Platelets count, 103/mm3 (mean ± SD)	221 ± 78	229 ± 81	204 ± 66	223 ± 90
Prothrombin time, % (mean ± SD)	93.9 ± 12.6	93.4 ± 11.5	94.2 ± 15.0	95.4 ± 12.2
HCV infection	82 (71.3)	44 (66.7)	26 (78.8)	12 (75.0)
HBV infection	28 (24.3)	18 (27.3)	7 (21.2)	3 (18.7)
HCV/HIV infection	5 (4.3)	4 (6.1)	0 (0)	1 (6.2)
Fibrosis score (Metavir)
F0	14 (12.2)	9 (13.6)	5 (15.1)	0 (0)
F1	42 (36.5)	29 (43.9)	7 (21.2)	6 (37.5)
F2	31 (27.0)	17 (25.8)	10 (30.3)	4 (25.0)
F3	18 (15.6)	9 (13.6)	7 (21.2)	2 (12.5)
F4	10 (8.7)	2 (3.0)	4 (12.1)	4 (25.0)
Activity grade (Metavir)
A0	12 (10.4)	8 (12.1)	3 (9.1)	1 (6.2)
A1	66 (57.4)	43 (65.1)	14 (42.4)	9 (52.2)
A2	19 (16.5)	7 (10.6)	9 (27.3)	3 (18.7)
A3	18 (15.6)	8 (12.1)	7 (21.2)	3 (18.7)
LSM, kPa (IQR)	6.7 (5.1-9.1)	6.4 (4.9-8.4)	6.7 (4.8-9.5)	8.0 (5.6-11.1)
CAP, dB/m (mean ± SD)	244.4 ± 49.1	227.1 ± 43.1a	254.6 ± 38.9b	297.8 ± 49.4d

SD values represent mean, and interquartile range (IQR) values represent median.

^aP < 0.05 (S0 vs S1);

^bP < 0.01 (S1 vs S2-S3);

^dP < 0.01 (S0 vs S2-S3). BMI: Body mass index; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter; LSM: Liver stiffness measurement.

Table 2 Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio of controlled attenuation parameter best cut-off values

	Sensitivity% (95%CI)	Specificity% (95%CI)	PPV% (95%CI)	NPV% (95%CI)	+LR (95%CI)	-LR (95%CI)
S ≥ 1	91.1 (78.8-97.5)	51.6 (38.7-64.2)	56.9 (44.7-68.6)	89.2 (74.3-97.0)	1.88 (1.4-2.5)	0.17 (0.07-0.5)
S ≥ 2	60.0 (32.3-83.7)	91.5 (83.9-96.3)	52.9 (27.8-77.0)	93.5 (86.3-97.6)	7.05 (3.2-15.4)	0.44 (0.2-0.8)

PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; +LR: Positive likelihood ratio; -LR: Negative likelihood ratio.