Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease: Is there a link?

Table 1 Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in different populations

CD	UC	C	Control group	Method	Positive (%)	Country	Ref.
42	51	40	Patients with irritable bowel syndrome	UBT, H. pylori IgG (+)	IBD: 17.2, C: 25 CD: 11.9, UC: 21.6	United Kingdom	[29]
110	213	337	Non-IBD patients with elective surgery1	H. pylori IgG (+)	IBD: 34.2, C: 36.2 CD: 33.3, UC: 34.7	United Kingdom	[30]
139	137	139	patients with functional GI disorders1	H. pylori IgG (+)	IBD: 9.4, C: 16 CD: 5, UC: 14	United Kingdom	[31]2
47	63	100	Blood donors1	H. pylori IgG (+), UBT, histology	IBD: 21.8, C: 52 CD: 14.9, UC: 27,	United Kingdom	[32]2
67	41	43	Non-IBD patients	Biopsies	IBD: 28.7, C: 39.5 CD: 28.4, UC: 29.3,	Italy	[33]2
123	93	216	Blood donors1	H. pylori IgG (+), histology	IBD: 48.1, C: 58.8 CD: 40.7, UC: 55.9	Italy	[34]2
32	40	72	Healthy subjects1	UBT	IBD: 47.2, C: 61.1 CD: 53.1, UC: 42.5	Italy	[35]
12	8	29	Patients with idiopathic constipation	UBT	IBD: 60, C: 41 CD: NR, UC: NR	Italy	[36]
45	66	77	Patients with non-organic dyspepsia1	histology	IBD: 66.7, C: 63.6 CD: 62.2, UC: 69.7	Turkey	[37]
0	90	120	Healthy subjects	Histology, RUT	IBD: 30, C: 52.5 CD: NA, UC: 30	Greece	[38]2
39	77	127	Healthy subjects1	H. pylori IgG (+)	IBD: 31.7, C: 55.1 CD: 28.6, UC: 33.1	Greece	[39]2
19	21	NA	NA	H. pylori IgG, IgA (+), histology	IBD: 0, C: NA CD: NA, UC: NA	Finland	[40]3
94	185	70	Healthy subjects1	H. pylori IgG, IgA (+)	IBD: 24.4, C: 37.1 CD: 12.9, UC: 29.7	Finland	[41]2
100	100	100	Patients with acute bacterial diarrhoea1	H. pylori IgG, IgA (+)	IBD: 15, C: 43 CD: 13, UC: 18	Finland	[42]2
147	169	316	Non-IBD patients1	UBT	IBD: 25.3, C: 52.5 CD: 17.7, UC: 32	Korea	[43]2
386	0	277	Blood donors1	H. pylori IgG, IgA (+)	IBD: 17.4, C: 35.4 CD: 17.4, UC: NA	Nederland	[44]2
90	0	525	Non-IBD patients	Histology	IBD: 16.7, C: 40.2 CD: 16.7, UC: NA	Japan	[45]2
38	0	12	Healthy subjects1	UBT	IBD:8, C: 42 CD: 8, UC: NA	Japan	[46]2
80	39	98	Non-IBD patients1	H. pylori IgG (+)	IBD: 27.5, C: 41.7 CD: 13.5, UC: 30.8	Israel	[47]2
51	82	200	Non-IBD patients1	UBT	IBD: 12.8, C: 39 CD: 13.7, UC: 12.2	Hungary	[48]2
36	0	36	Healthy subjects1	Histology	IBD: 8.3, C: 36.1 CD: 8.3, UC: NA	Germany	[49]2
75	0	200	Non-CD patients	Histology	IBD: 30.5, C: 35.2 CD: 33, UC: NA	Germany	[50]
56	0	382	Non-CD patients	Histology	IBD: 32.1, C: 46.1 CD: 32.1, UC: NA	USA	[51]3
371	560	64451	Non-IBD patients	Histology	IBD: 4.5, C: 9 CD: 4, UC: 5	USA	[52]2
0	42	74	Non-IBD patients	H. pylori IgG (+), UBT	IBD: 52.4, C: 51.4 CD: NA, UC: 52.4	Brazil	[53]
43	0	74	Non-IBD patients	UBT	IBD: 51.2, C: 70.3 CD: 51.2, UC: NA	Brazil	[54]
50	44	194	Non-IBD patients	Histology, RUT	IBD: 9.6, C: 38.5 CD: 14, UC: 4.5	Poland	[55]23
21	23	76	Non-IBD patients	H. pylori IgG (+)	IBD: 54.5, C: 68 CD: 52.2, UC: 57.1	Mexico	[56]
104	104	416	Healthy subjects1	UBT	IBD: 19.7, C: 48.8 CD: 18.3, UC: 21.2	Chinese	[57]2
229	0	248	Non-CD patients	UBT, culture, histology	IBD: 27.1, C: 47.9 CD: 27.1, UC: NA	Chinese	[58]2
0	153	121	Non-UC patients	UBT, culture, histology	IBD: 30.5, C: 57 CD: NA, UC: 30.5	Chinese	[59]
30	30	20	Non-IBD patients1	UBT	IBD: 43, C: 40 CD: 50, UC: 37	Spain	[60]

¹Age and sex matched;

²Statistically significant result (IBD vs control group);

³Paediatric population. CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; C: Controls; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; GI: Gastrointestinal; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; Ref: References; NA: Not applicable; NR: Not reported; FAT: Serology fecal antigen test; RUT: Rapid urease test; UBT: Urea breath test.

Table 2 Prevalence of both Helicobacter pylori negative and positive gastritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in different populations

CD	UC	C	Control group	Biopsies	H. pylori (+) gastritis (%)	H. pylori (-) gastritis (%)	Ref.
37	43	41	Non-IBD patients	Antrum, body	CD: 27, UC: 37.2 C: 53.7	CD: 29.6, UC: 22.2 C: 10.5	[61]
141	79	141	Non-IBD patients	Antrum, angulus, body	CD: 33, UC: 47 C: 60	CD: 43, UC: 12 C: 19	[34]
75	0	200	CD-free patients	Antrum, body	CD: 33.3, UC: NA C: 48	CD: 39, UC: NA C: 0.8	[50]
208	280	4943	Non-IBD patients	Antrum, body	CD: 4, UC: 6 C: 7	CD: 5, UC: 0 C: 0	[63]
67	41	43	Healthy subjects	Antrum, body	CD: 17.6, UC: 6.4 C: 20	CD: 45.4 , UC: 15.6 C: 30	[33]
62	0	0	NA	Antrum, corpus	CD: 9.7, UC: NA C: NA	CD: 32 , UC: NA C: NA	[64]

CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; C: Controls; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; NA: Not applicable.