Intrathoracic caudate lobe of the liver: A case report and literature review

Table 1 Literature review of published cases associated with primary intrathoracic supradiaphragmatic livers

Ref.	Sex/age	Location of mass	Symptoms	Associated anomalies	Preoperative diagnosis	Surgical procedure	Diaphragm	Histology
Hansbrough et al[1]	M/26 yr	Right CP angle	Abdominal pain	None	Mesothelioma	Right thoracotomy	Intact	Atypical cirrhosis
Kaufman et al[3]	F/48 yr	Right cardiophrenic angle	None	None	None	Right thoracotomy	Intact	Normal liver
Le Roux et al[4]	M/18 yr	Right CP angle	None	None	None	Right thoracotomy	Right diaphragmatic defect	Normal liver
Hudson et al[5]	M/21 yr	Right diaphragmatic dome	None	None	Diaphragmatic tumor	Right thoracotomy	Intact	Abundant bile ducts
Caron et al[6]	F/26 yr	Right CP angle	Asthenia	None	Benign tumor of the pleura or diaphragm	Right thoracotomy	Intact	Chronic inflammation
Sehdeva et al[7]	F/21 yr	Left diaphragmatic dome	Chest pain	None	Pleural or diaphragmatic tumor	Left thoracotomy	Intact	Centrilobular congestion
Desvignes et al[8]	F/7 yr	Right cardiophrenic angle	None	Right mirror lung, no scissure	Pulmonary sequestration	Right thoracotomy	Right diaphragmatic defect	Signs of pycnosis
Desvignes et al[8]	F/20 yr	Parenchyma of right lower lobe	Hemoptysis	Bochdaleck hernia	Hydatid cyst	Right thoracotomy	Right diaphragmatic defect	Normal liver
Lasser et al[9]	M/51 yr	Right thoracic cavity	Chest pain	None	Pleural tumor	Right thoracotomy	-	Hyperplasia
Mendoza et al[10]	F/6 mo	Parenchyma of right lower lobe	Respiratory distress	-	Solitary pulmonary mass	Autopsy	Intact	Normal liver
Shah et al[11]	F/1 d (36w GA)	Left thoracic cavity	Respiratory distress	-	-	Autopsy	Left diaphragmatic defect	Normal liver
Rendina et al[12]	F/19 yr	Right CP angle	None	None	Benign pleural tumor	Right thoracotomy	Intact	Normal liver
Shapiro et al[13]	F/1 d (26w GA)	Right diaphragmatic dome	Respiratory distress	-	-	Autopsy	-	Normal liver
Iber et al[14]	M/6 yr	Right thoracic cavity	Mild asymmetry of chest	None	Benign pleural tumor	Right thoracotomy	-	-
Babu et al[15]	M/17 mo	Right CP angle	Recurrent pneumonia	None	Diaphragmatic hernia with a sequestrated lung or herniated liver	Right thoracotomy	Intact	Normal liver
Beiler et al[16]	M/1 d (39w GA)	Left diaphragmatic dome	Respiratory distress	Bochdaleck hernia	Diaphragmatic hernia	Laparotomy	Left diaphragmatic defect	Normal liver
Bedii Salman et al[17]	F/6yr	Left thoracic cavity	-	Left diaphragmatic hernia	Left diaphragmatic hernia	Laparotomy	Left diaphragmatic defect	Normal liver
Luoma et al[18]	F/full term	Left thoracic cavity	Respiratory distress	Left hydrothorax	Left paramediastinal mass with massive hydrothorax	Left thoracotomy	Intact	Normal liver
Chen et al[20]	M/13 mo	Right diaphragmatic dome	Respiratory distress	Repeated pneumonia	Pleural or diaphragmatic tumor	Right thoracotomy	Intact	Normal liver
Choi et al[2]	M/3 yr	Right cardiophrenic angle	Cough and fever	Intralobar pulmonary sequestration of right upper lobe	Pulmonary sequestration	Right thoracotomy	Intact	Normal liver
Han et al[21]	F/26 yr	Left CP angle	Dry cough	None	Pulmonary sequestration	Left thoracotomy	Intact	Normal liver
Wang et al[22]	M/39 yr	Right thoracic cavity	Chest pain	None	A benign tumor of right lung	Right thoracotomy	Intact	Normal liver
An et al[23]	F/48 yr	Right cardiophrenic angle	Cough and dyspnea	None	Benign fibrous tumor of the pleura or peripheral lung carcinoid tumor	Right thoracotomy	Intact	Normal liver

F: Female; M: Male.