Lack of association between apolipoprotein C3 gene polymorphisms and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a Chinese Han population

doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i13.3655

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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World J Gastroenterol. Apr 7, 2014; 20(13): 3655-3662
Published online Apr 7, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i13.3655

Table 1 Demographic and clinical features of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and controls n (%)

	NAFLD patients(n = 390)	Controls(n = 409)	P value
BMI (kg/m²)	24.83 ± 2.82	22.18 ± 4.02	0.000^a
Waist (cm)	84.18 ± 8.19	75.78 ± 9.13	0.000^a
Hypertension	89 (22.8)	42 (10.3)	0.000^c
T2DM	87 (22.3)	36 (8.8)	0.000^c
ALT (U/L)	44.86 ± 40.16	34.32 ± 22.27	0.000^a
AST (U/L)	33.40 ± 32.60	32.60 ± 36.42	0.762
GGT (U/L)	43.82 ± 42.17	34.00 ± 26.92	0.000^a
FPG (mmol/L)	6.03 ± 1.77	5.18 ± 0.82	0.357
UA (mmol/L)	326.03 ± 105.24	332.88 ± 104.74	0.000^a
TG (mmol/L)	2.91 ± 1.43	2.26 ± 1.55	0.000^a
TC (mmol/L)	5.17 ± 1.00	4.77 ± 0.85	0.000^a
HDL (mmol/L)	1.71 ± 0.99	2.38 ± 2.36	0.000^a
LDL (mmol/L)	4.28 ± 3.44	3.17 ± 1.78	0.000^a
FINS (μU/mL)	6.27 ± 1.34	5.51 ± 1.01	0.000^a
HOMA-IR (U)	1.67 ± 0.62	1.27 ± 0.32	0.000^a

Data are expressed as mean ± SD,

^aP < 0.05 vs controls, by unpaired Student’s t test;

^cP < 0.05 vs controls, by χ² test. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as body weight (kg)/height (m²); ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; FPG: Fasting blood glucose; UA: uric Acid; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; FINS: Fasting blood insulin; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; TG: Triglyceride; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.

Table 2 Distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of apolipoprotein C3 (-455, -482) and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (rs738409) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and controls n (%)

	NAFLD	Controls	χ²	P value
-455 genotype
TT	102 (26.2)	104 (25.4)
TC	180 (46.2)	195 (47.7)
CC	108 (27.7)	110 (26.9)	0.186	0.911
Allele T	384 (49.2)	403 (49.3)
C	396 (50.8)	415 (51.2)	0.000	1.000
-482 genotype
CC	107 (27.4)	104 (25.4)
CT	176 (45.1)	203 (49.6)
TT	107 (27.4)	102 (51.2)	1.635	0.442
Allele C	390 (50.0)	411 (50.2)
T	390 (50.0)	407 (49.8)	0.010	0.960
rs738409 genotype
CC	48 (12.3)	183 (44.7)
CG	153 (39.2)	176 (43.0)
GG	189 (48.5)	50 (12.2)	160.98	0.000
Allele C	249 (31.9)	542 (66.3)
G	531 (68.1)	276 (33.7)	188.31	0.000

NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Table 3 Odds ratios for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease according to apolipoprotein C3 and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 genotypes and alleles in the study population

	Unadjusted model		Adjusted model
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
APOC3 gene
-455TT	1		1
-455TC + CC	0.96 (0.70-1.32 )	0.82	1.06 (0.72-1.57 )	0.76
-482CC	1		1
-482CT + TT	0.90 (0.66-1.24 )	0.52	1.00 (0.68-1.48 )	1.00
PNPLA3 gene
CC	1		1
CG + GG	5.77 (4.03-8.27)	0.00	3.70 (2.44-5.60)	0.00

-455C vs T: OR (95%CI) = 1.00 (0.82-1.22): -482C vs T: OR (95%CI) = 0.99 (0.81-1.21); PNPLA3G vs C: OR (95%CI) = 2.00 (1.80-2.23). The multiple logistic regression model was adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, waist, weight and presence of hypertension and T2DM.

Table 4 Clinical characteristics of apolipoprotein C3 wild-type homozygotes (rs2854117 C/C and rs2854116 T/T) and carriers of one or more variant alleles (rs2854117 T and rs2854116 C) in the study population

Characteristic	Overall series			NAFLD patients			Controls
	Noncarriers	Carriers	P value	Noncarriers	Carriers	P value	Noncarriers	Carriers	P value
n	197	602		96	294		101	308
Female/male	110/87	306/296	0.250	48/48	157/137	0.638	62/39	149/159	0.903
Age (yr)	47.95 ± 16.86	48.95 ± 15.76	0.447	49.16 ± 17.23	49.96 ± 15.83	0.672	46.80 ± 16.51	47.98 ± 15.65	0.516
BMI (kg/m²)	23.69 ± 4.08	23.42 ± 3.73	0.387	25.21 ± 2.48	24.70 ± 2.91	0.123	22.14 ± 4.07	22.19 ± 4.10	0.910
Waist (cm)	78.97 ± 9.56	80.17 ± 9.66	0.130	85.36 ± 7.11	83.79 ± 8.49	0.074	72.90 ± 7.40	76.72 ± 9.45	0.000
ALT (U/L)	39.47 ± 34.79	39.46 ± 31.98	0.999	48.60 ± 44.85	43.64 ± 38.51	0.294	30.79 ± 17.50	35.48 ± 23.54	0.066
AST (U/L)	32.71 ± 36.37	33.08 ± 37.72	0.904	36.35 ± 42.00	32.44 ± 37.14	0.386	29.25 ± 29.86	33.70 ± 38.31	0.287
FPG (U/L)	5.46 ± 1.26	5.63 ± 1.49	0.135	5.82 ± 1.46	6.09 ± 1.86	0.201	5.12 ± 0.91	5.20 ± 0.79	0.435
TG (mmol/L)	2.67 ± 1.68	2.54 ± 1.47	0.341	2.88 ± 1.29	2.92 ± 1.48	0.840	2.46 ± 1.97	2.20 ± 1.39	0.134
TC (mmol/L)	4.97 ± 0.98	4.96 ± 0.94	0.887	5.18 ± 0.96	5.17 ± 1.01	0.903	4.77 ± 0.96	4.76 ± 0.81	0.935
HDL (mmol/L)	2.25 ± 2.21	1.99 ± 1.72	0.134	1.51 ± 0.46	1.78 ± 1.10	0.001	2.96 ± 2.89	2.19 ± 2.14	0.015
LDL (mmol/L)	3.84 ± 3.09	3.68 ± 2.66	0.477	4.43 ± 3.71	4.24 ± 3.35	0.659	3.28 ± 2.24	3.14 ± 1.61	0.564
FINS (μU/mL )	5.83 ± 1.20	5.90 ± 1.24	0.545	6.22 ± 1.24	6.28 ± 1.36	0.712	5.46 ± 1.03	5.53 ± 1.00	0.554
HOMA-IR (U)	1.42 ± 0.43	1.48 ± 0.52	0.111	1.62 ± 0.57	1.69 ± 0.61	0.309	1.25 ± 0.34	1.28 ± 0.31	0.376
APOC3 (mg/dL)	13.94 ± 2.01 (n = 34)	14.38 ± 1.92 (n = 146)	0.231	13.60 ± 1.90 (n = 19)	14.37 ± 1.98 (n = 80)	0.231	15.22 ± 1.79 (n = 15)	14.20 ± 1.89 (n = 66)	0.059

Data are shown as mean ± SD. Statistically significant differences were tested using the Student’s unpaired t test or by χ² test when appropriate. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; FPG: Fasting blood glucose; UA: uric Acid; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; FINS: Fasting blood insulin; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; TG: Triglyceride; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 5 Clinical characteristics of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 and apolipoprotein C3 (independently of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 I148M) wild-type homozygotes and carriers of one or more variant alleles in the study population

Characteristic	PNPLA3			APOC3 (independently of PNPLA3 I148M)
	Noncarriers	Carriers	P value	Noncarriers	Carriers	P value
n	231	568		82	149
Female/male	124/107	292/276	0.560	12/70	109/40	0.000
Age (yr)	46.97 ± 16.42	49.41 ± 15.83	0.052	48.89 ± 16.91	45.92 ± 16.11	0.189
BMI (kg/m²)	22.61 ± 4.08	23.84 ± 3.65	0.000	22.04 ± 4.17	22.92 ± 4.00	0.118
Waist (cm)	75.67 ± 9.00	81.59 ± 9.37	0.000	72.96 ± 7.64	77.16 ± 9.37	0.000
ALT (U/L)	36.03 ± 24.46	40.86 ± 35.40	0.028	34.67 ± 20.30	36.77 ± 26.51	0.501
AST (U/L)	34.07 ± 37.80	32.55 ± 37.21	0.601	32.55 ± 37.21	34.07 ± 37.80	0.662
FPG (U/L)	5.30 ± 1.09	5.71 ± 1.54	0.000	5.26 ± 0.82	5.33 ± 1.21	0.618
TG (mmol/L)	2.34 ± 1.54	2.67 ± 1.51	0.005	2.17 ± 1.09	2.43 ± 1.73	0.216
TC (mmol/L)	4.79 ± 0.90	5.03 ± 0.95	0.001	4.72 ± 0.76	4.83 ± 0.97	0.343
HDL (mmol/L)	2.64 ± 2.54	1.82 ± 1.43	0.000	2.88 ± 2.63	2.50 ± 2.48	0.281
LDL (mmol/L)	3.28 ± 1.98	3.90 ± 3.02	0.001	3.44 ± 1.92	3.19 ± 2.01	0.367
FINS (μU/mL)	5.67 ± 1.13	5.97 ± 1.26	0.001	5.58 ± 1.02	5.72 ± 1.20	0.335
HOMA-IR (U)	1.34 ± 0.38	1.52 ± 0.53	0.000	1.31 ± 0.33	1.35 ± 0.41	0.354

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; FPG: Fasting blood glucose; UA: uric Acid; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; FINS: Fasting blood insulin; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; TG: Triglyceride; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; PNPLA3: Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3; APOC3: Apolipoprotein C3.

Citation: Niu TH, Jiang M, Xin YN, Jiang XJ, Lin ZH, Xuan SY. Lack of association between apolipoprotein C3 gene polymorphisms and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a Chinese Han population. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(13): 3655-3662
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i13/3655.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i13.3655