Brief Article
Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 7, 2014; 20(1): 242-249
Published online Jan 7, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i1.242
Table 1 Demographics, social habits, and clinical symptoms in the 2 arms of the study n (%)
NBI (n = 760)CI (n = 760)P value
Men349 (46)363 (48)0.50
Age (yr), mean ± SD51.2 ± 15.351.6 ± 13.70.58
Social habits
Alcohol use75 (10)56 (7)0.10
Smoking161 (21)176 (23)0.92
Clinical symptoms
Reflux symptoms260 (34)240 (32)0.30
Throat symptoms61 (8)64 (8)0.85
Dysphagia16 (2.1)12 (1.6)0.57
Table 2 Endoscopic findings in the 2 study arms n (%)
NBI (n = 760)CI (n = 760)P value
Conscious sedation for EGD400 (53)397 (52)0.570
Cervical HGM63 (8.3)36 (4.7)0.007
Reflux esophagitis158 (21)138 (18)0.220
Los Angeles grade A-B147 (19)128 (17)
Los Angeles grade C-D11 (1.5)10 (1.3)
Barrett’s esophagus3 (0.4)4 (0.5)1.000
Peptic ulcers209 (28)238 (31)0.110
Gastric ulcer75 (9.9)109 (14.3)0.009
Duodenal ulcer161 (21)183 (24)0.200
Hiatus hernia33 (4.3)37 (4.9)0.710
Table 3 Clinicopathological and endoscopic characteristics of cervical esophageal heterotopic gastric mucosa in the 2 study arms n (%)
HGM in NBI (n = 63)HGM in CI (n = 36)P value
Clinical characteristics0.65
HGM type I47 (75)30 (83)
HGM type II15 (24)6 (17)
HGM type III1 (1.6)0 (0)
Number of cervical HGM0.25
Single43 (68)28 (78)
Two12 (19)7 (19)
Three or more7 (11.1)1 (2.8)
Circumferential1 (1.6)0 (0)
Smallest size of cervical HGM1< 0.0001
0-5 mm34 (55)6 (17)
6-10 mm24 (39)19 (53)
> 1 cm4 (6.5)11 (30)
Biopsy of cervical HGM34 (54)22 (61)
Fundic type gastric mucosa22 (65)15 (68)
Antral type gastric mucosa12 (35)7 (32)
Intestinal metaplasia00
Presence of H. pylori2 (5.9)1 (4.6)
Associated with GERD30 (48)16 (44)0.84
Erosive esophagitis17 (27)10 (28)0.65
Barrett’s esophagus0 (0)1 (2.8)0.37
Associated with hiatus hernia4 (6.4)3 (8.3)0.70
Associated with peptic ulcers16 (25)11 (31)0.64
Table 4 Clinical and endoscopic characteristics between patients with and without cervical esophageal heterotopic gastric mucosa n (%)
Cases with HGM (n = 99)Cases without HGM (n = 1421)P value
Demographics
Men55 (56)657 (46)0.08
Mean (SD) age (yr)51.9 (13.2)51.4 (14.6)0.74
Social habits
Alcohol use10 (10.1)121 (8.5)0.58
Smoking25 (25)312 (22)0.45
Clinical symptoms
Reflux symptoms38 (38)462 (33)0.23
Throat symptoms20 (20)105 (7.4)< 0.0001
Dysphagia2 (2.0)26 (1.8)0.70
Conscious sedation50 (51)747 (53)0.76
GERD46 (47)541 (38)0.11
Reflux esophagitis27 (27.3)269 (18.9)0.0488
Los Angeles A-B23 (23.2)252 (17.7)
Los Angeles C-D4 (4.0)18 (1.3)
Barrett’s esophagus1 (1.0)6 (0.4)0.38
Peptic ulcers27 (27)420 (30)0.73
Hiatus hernia7 (7.1)63 (4.4)0.21