Two surgical procedures for esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension

Table 1 Clinical characteristics

Characteristics	PCVD group (n= 207)	Combined group (n= 83)
Mean age (yr)	45.79	43.72
SD	11.35	8.03
Range	17-77	30-63
Gender
Male	130	55
Female	77	28
Etiology
HBV-related	142	58
HCV-related	28	10
HBV and HCV	3	1
Other causes	14	4
Alcohol-related	20	10
Child-Pugh
Grade A	134	73
Grade B	67	10
Grade C	6	0
Grade of varices
Grade I-II	41	15
Grade III-IV	143	56
Bleeding site
Esophageal	55	25
Fundus varices	10	6

PCVD: Pericardial devascularization; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 2 Intra- and post-operative clinical characteristics n (%)

Clinical characteristics	PCVD group	Combined group	Pvalue
Intraoperative
Operative time (min)	246 ± 71	307 ± 68	< 0.01
Blood loss (mL)	936 ± 1627	744 ± 832	< 0.01
Blood transfusion (mL)	843 ± 1237	760 ± 583	0.010
Postoperative
Fever	56	10	< 0.01
Ascites	941 ± 833	759 ± 695	0.24
Rebleeding	12 (5.80%)	2 (2.41%)	0.04
Long-term complications
Congestive gastropathy	35 (17.41%)	2 (2.41%)	< 0.01
Encephalopathy	3 (1.45%)	2 (2.41%)	0.58
Portal vein thrombosis	16 (7.96%)	3 (3.61%)	0.04
Rebleeding	30 (14.93%)	6 (7.22%)	< 0.05

PCVD: Pericardial devascularization.

Table 3 Changes of free portal pressure in the two groups (mmHg)

	PCVD group	Combined group	Z	Pvalue
Abdominal opening	29.23 ± 4.58	29.81 ± 3.83	-0.36	0.72
Splenectomy	22.32 ± 5.33	24.60 ± 5.01	-2.91	< 0.05
PCVD	24.61 ± 5.42	22.06 ± 4.03	-3.08	< 0.05
Shunt		21.43 ± 4.35

PCVD: Pericardial devascularization.

Table 4 Comparison of hemodynamics in the two groups pre- and post-operatively

		Inner diameter (cm)				Blood flow velocity (cm/s)
		Pre-op	Post-op	Dvalue	Pvalue	Pre-op	Post-op	Dvalue	Pvalue
PV	PCVD	1.42 ± 0.21	1.24 ± 0.26	0.15 ± 0.17	< 0.01	15.28 ± 4.69	13.27 ± 4.76	2.01 ± 3.01	< 0.01
	Combined	1.39 ± 0.26	1.01 ± 0.30	0.38 ± 0.25	< 0.01	16.52 ± 4.67	11.33 ± 3.78	5.19 ± 3.42	< 0.01
	P	0.57	< 0.01	< 0.01		0.06	< 0.05	< 0.01
SV	PCVD	1.21 ± 0.24	1.05 ± 0.21	0.18 ± 0.13	< 0.01	17.65 ± 5.53	14.10 ± 5.58	3.55 ± 0.92	< 0.01
	Combined	1.25 ± 0.22	0.81 ± 0.22	0.43 ± 0.20	< 0.01	18.76 ± 5.76	13.10 ± 5.38	5.65 ± 3.00	< 0.01
	P	0.25	< 0.01	< 0.01		0.17	0.21	< 0.01
SMV	PCVD	0.95 ± 0.70	0.81 ± 0.21	0.14 ± 0.17	< 0.01	13.17 ± 4.61	11.00 ± 4.76	2.13 ± 2.33	< 0.01
	Combined	0.92 ± 0.19	0.66 ± 0.23	0.26 ± 0.27	< 0.01	14.69 ± 5.23	10.40 ± 4.46	4.29 ± 3.07	< 0.01
	P	0.3	< 0.01	< 0.01		< 0.05	0.33	< 0.01

PV: Portal vein; SV: Splenic vein; SMV: Superior mesenteric vein; PCVD: Pericardial devascularization.